Contribution of TLR signaling to the pathogenesis of colitis-associated cancer in inflammatory bowel disease

Figure 2 Dual role of Toll-like receptor signaling in colitis-associated carcinogenesis. While some direct and indirect effects of TLR-signaling act largely as an anti-tumorigenic factors, other effects may promote cancer development. TLR: Toll-like receptor; DC: Dendritic cell; IL: Interleukin; IFN: Interferon; ODN: Oligodeoxynucleotide; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB.