Potential role of metabolomics in diagnosis and surveillance of gastric cancer

Table 2 Marker metabolites between stages of gastric cancer

Ref.	Animal vs humanplatform utilized	Sample typegroups	Statistically significant metabolites identified (P < 0.05)
Hu et al[24], 2011	Animal (mice) Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry	Urine Metastasis group (n = 8) Non-metastasis group (n = 8) Normal group (n = 8)	Up/down for metastasis group compared to non-metastasis: Amino acids: alanine, L-proline, L-threonine all down Others: butanoic acid down, glycerol down, butanedioic acid up, myo-inositol up
Song et al[27], 2011	Humans Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry	Resected stomach specimens (n = 30) Gastric Cancer tissue, Adjacent normal tissue	Did not find metabolite differences between TNM stages
Wu et al[31], 2010	Human Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry	Resected stomach specimens (n = 18) Gastric Cancer tissue -T1/T2 stage (n = 5) -T3/T4 stage (n = 13)	Up/down for T3/T4 metabolites compared to T1/T2 Amino acids: L-cysteine, L-tyrosine both up Nucleic acids: hypoxanthine up Others: butanoic acid, phenanthrenol both down
Yu et al[33], 2011	Human Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry	Plasma (n = 80) CSG (n = 19) CAG (n = 13) IM (n = 10) DYS (n = 22) Pre-op GC (n = 9 pre-op) - 4-6 wk post-op (n = 13)	Up/down for pre-op GC compared to CSG: Carbohydrates: threonate down Amino acids: up: ornithine, pyroglutamate, glutamate, asparagine Lipids: 11-eicosenoic acid up Nucleic acids: urate up Other: up: 1-monohexadecanoyl-glycerol, gamma-tocopherol, 2- hydroxybutyrate, azelaic acid
Chen et al[35], 2010	Animal (mice) Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry	GC metastasis group (n = 8) GC non-metastasis group (n = 8)	Up/down for metastasis group compared to non-metastasis: Carbohydrates: Anaerobic respiration: lactate up Glycolysis: glucose down TCA cycle: malic acid up, succinate down Amino acids: up: alanine, glycine, valine, proline, serine, leucine, dimethylglycine, aspartic acid, phosphoserine, glutamate, lysine, arginine down: isoleucine, methionine, threonine, glutamine Nucleic acids: hypoxanthine down, pyrimidine up Others: up: propanedioic acid, pyrrolidine, inositol, docosanoic acid, octadecanoic acid down: propanamide, butanedioic acid
Ikeda et al[36], 2012	Human Gas chromatography, mass spectrometry	Serum GC (n = 11) Stages I-IV	3-hydroxypropionic acid up, pyruvic acid down (statistically significant only in Stage I GC)

CAG: Chronic atrophic gastritis; CSG: Chronic superficial gastritis; DYS: Dysplasia; GC: Gastric cancer; IM: Intestinal metaplasia; T1/T2/T3/T4: Tumour stage 1/2/3/4; TCA: Tricarboxylic acid cycle; TNM: Tumour node metastasis classification.