Extraintestinal manifestations of Helicobacter pylori: A concise review

Table 1 Summary of the extraintestinal manifestation of Helicobacter pylori infection

Organ systems	Manifestations	Comments
Hematologic	Iron deficiency anemia	Well supported. Eradication may reverse deficiency
	Immune thrombocytopenic purpura	Higher prevalence of ITP in those with H. pylori infection and improvement in platelet count after eradication
Cardiopulmonary	Coronary artery disease	Inconclusive evidence to draw definitive link between infection and CAD
	Asthma	H. pylori associated with lower incidence of asthma, particularly pediatric populations
Metabolic	Metabolic syndrome	Contradictory evidence fails to establish causal link between infection and metabolic syndrome
	Diabetes mellitus type II	Conflicting evidence on prevalence of H. pylori and DM
Neurologic	Ischemic stroke	Possible weak positive association. Studies conflicting with regards to increase stroke risk and infection
	Parkinson's disease	Improvement in symptoms noted in patients with successful eradication of H. pylori
	Alzheimer's disease	Limited data suggests improved symptoms with eradication of H. pylori
	Migraines	Multiple studies show improvement in headaches following eradication of H. pylori
Dermatologic	Chronic spontaneous urticaria	Studies generally supportive of association. Eradication shown to improve CSU symptoms
	Rosacea	Conflicts in prevalence data but eradication appears to reduce skin disease severity
Miscellaneous	Fibromyalgia	Present data is conflicting with regards to prevalence of H. pylori and fibromyalgia

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; ITP: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura; CAD: Coronary artery disease; CSU: Chronic spontaneous urticarial.