Influence of a probiotic mixture on antibiotic induced microbiota disturbances

Table 2 Bacterial counts

	Probiotic	P value (within group)	Placebo	P value
				Within group	Between group
Total bacteria
Baseline	10.89 ± 0.22	-	10.81 ± 0.23	-	0.067
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	10.58 ± 0.43	< 0.001	10.49 ± 0.38	< 0.001	0.177
End of probiotic/placebo	10.75 ± 0.30	0.003	10.77 ± 0.26	0.399	0.735
End of follow-up	10.87 ± 0.24	0.527	10.79 ± 0.31	0.568	0.221
Lactobacillus
Baseline	7.40 ± 0.79	-	7.42 ± 1.56	-	0.391
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	7.13 ± 0.88	0.104	6.91 ± 1.45	0.032	0.642
End of probiotic/placebo	7.42 ± 0.77	0.944	7.07 ± 1.38	0.030	0.331
End of follow-up	7.16 ± 1.50	0.375	6.96 ± 1.87	0.149	0.851
Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 700396
Baseline	1.27 ± 2.20	-	0.93 ± 1.73	-	0.446
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	2.39 ± 2.98	0.052	1.21 ± 2.07	0.407	0.035
End of probiotic/placebo	2.15 ± 2.79	0.245	0.79 ± 1.54	0.933	0.011
End of follow-up	1.60 ± 2.51	0.286	2.13 ± 2.74	0.021	0.498
Bifidobacterium
Baseline	8.62 ± 1.60	-	7.97 ± 1.99	-	0.087
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	8.20 ± 1.08	0.016	7.83 ± 1.78	0.350	0.642
End of probiotic/placebo	8.72 ± 0.79	0.759	8.01 ± 2.13	0.805	0.142
End of follow-up	8.52 ± 1.60	0.466	8.12 ± 1.57	0.422	0.236
Bifidobacterium lactis
Baseline	8.81 ± 0.50	-	8.82 ± 0.69	-	0.914
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	8.41 ± 1.48	0.054	8.20 ± 0.64	< 0.001	0.008
End of probiotic/placebo	8.79 ± 0.63	0.904	8.42 ± 0.67	< 0.001	0.013
End of follow-up	8.67 ± 0.49	0.206	8.49 ± 0.74	< 0.001	0.185
Bacteroides
Baseline	9.14 ± 0.56	-	8.97 ± 0.48	-	0.161
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	9.06 ± 0.87	0.981	9.00 ± 0.61	0.629	0.345
End of probiotic/placebo	8.98 ± 0.69	0.050	8.85 ± 0.63	0.194	0.429
End of follow-up	9.14 ± 0.63	0.972	8.91 ± 0.54	0.479	0.079
Enterobacteriaceae
Baseline	6.92 ± 0.83	-	6.74 ± 1.33	-	0.734
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	7.80 ± 1.16	< 0.001	7.68 ± 1.07	< 0.001	0.531
End of probiotic/placebo	6.88 ± 0.73	0.944	6.87 ± 0.72	0.732	0.947
End of follow-up	6.89 ± 0.55	0.956	6.75 ± 1.33	0.553	0.770
Clostridium difficile
Baseline	2.85 ± 1.44	-	2.90 ± 1.29	-	0.563
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	3.42 ± 2.30	0.283	2.95 ± 2.54	0.632	0.281
End of probiotic/placebo	3.13 ± 1.42	0.566	2.56 ± 1.76	0.126	0.077
End of follow-up	3.08 ± 1.44	0.712	2.91 ± 1.68	0.475	0.935
Clostridium group XIV
Baseline	10.04 ± 0.24	-	9.92 ± 0.39	-	0.073
End of antibiotic + probiotic/placebo	9.36 ± 0.72	< 0.001	9.36 ± 0.45	< 0.001	0.582
End of probiotic/placebo	9.85 ± 0.32	< 0.001	9.74 ± 0.37	0.004	0.146
End of follow-up	9.94 ± 0.25	0.046	9.75 ± 0.36	0.006	0.011

Bacterial counts (log10 counts/g wet weight) at baseline (day 1), after 1 wk treatment period with antibiotic + probiotic or placebo (day 8), after 1 wk of supplementation with probiotic or placebo only (day 15) and after 1 wk follow-up period (day 22). Data are expressed as mean ± SD.