Control of hepatitis B virus replication by interferons and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways

Table 2 Control of hepatitis B virus replication by Toll-like receptor activation

	HBV transgenic mice[98]	Chimpazee[99]	Hepatoma cell line[100]	Nonparenchymal liver cells[104]	Macrophages[105]
TLR1/2	PGN and Pam3Cys, (-)		LTA , Pam2CSK4[102,103], Pam3CSK4[103], (+)	Pam3CSK4, (-)	Unpublished data, (+)
TLR3	Poly(I:C), (+)		Poly (I:C), (+)	Poly (I:C), (+)	Unpublished data, (+)
TLR4	LPS, (+)		LPS, (+)	LPS, (+)	Unpublished data, (+)
TLR5	Flagellin,(+)			Flagellin, (-)	Unpublished data, (+)
TLR7	R848, (+)		R848, (+)	Single-stranded RNA 40, (-)	Unpublished data, (+)
TLR9	CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, (+)	GS-9620, (+)	cpG DNA, (+)	CpG oligonucleotides, (-)	Unpublished data, (+)

The ligands of different Toll-like receptors (TLRs) used in different experiment systems were shown. Their effect on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication was presented by ‘‘+’’ which means inhibitory effect or ‘‘-’’ which means no inhibitory effect.