Beneficial effect of butyrate, Lactobacillus casei and L-carnitine combination in preference to each in experimental colitis

Table 1 Extent of colonic damage according to macroscopic and microscopic scores

Groups	Macroscopic score(mean ± SEM);median (min-max)	Microscopic score(mean ± SEM);median (min-max)
Sham	(0.0 + 0.0)	(0.0 + 0.0)
	0 (0.0-0.0)	0 (0.0-0.0)
Control	(6.3 + 0.83)b	(3.6 + 0.24)b
	6 (4.0-8.0)	4 (2.0-4.0)
Dexamethasone	(1.0 + 0.34)d	(1.0 + 0.31)bd
	1 (0.0-2.0)	2 (1.0-3.0)
Combination	(1.00-0.51)d	(1.2-0.21)d
	1 (0.0-2.0)	2 (1.0-3.0)
Butyrate	(1.6 + 0.5)d	(1.4 + 0.24)d
	2 (2.0-4.0)	2 (1.0-4.0)
L-carnitine	(2.44 + 0.5)d	(1.66 + 0.26)bd
	2 (1.0-4.0)	3 (2.0-4.0)
L. casei	(2.64 + 0.6)d	(1.6 + 0.3)bd
	2 (2.0-5.0)	3 (2.0-4.0)

^bP < 0.001 vs sham group;

^dP < 0.001 vs control group.