STAT3 and sphingosine-1-phosphate in inflammation-associated colorectal cancer

Figure 2 Regulation of sphingosine 1 phosphate. Ceramide and sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) are balanced by regulatory enzymes: sphingosine 1 phosphate kinases (SphK1 and 2), S1P phosphatase (S1PP), S1P lyases (SGPL) and ceramide synthase (CS). Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) from S1PR signaling shifts the balance toward more S1P production.