Helicobacter pylori eradication in West Asia: A review

Table 1 Primary Helicobacter pylori resistance to different antibiotics in West Asia

Country(R)	Year	Number of patients	Testing method	Amoxicillin	Metronidazole	Tetracycline	Clarithromycin	Other drugs
Iran[13]	1997-2000	70	DDM	1.4	33%	0%	1.4%
Iran[14]	2001-2004	135	DDM	3.7	36.3%	0.7%	3.7%
Iran[42]	2005	120	DDM	1.6	57.5%	0%	16.7%
Iran[58]	2005-2008	160	DDM	7.3	55.6%	38.1%	7.3%	Furazolidone: 4.5%
Iran[44]	2008	124	DDM	9.8	64.6%	0%	17.1%
Iran[43]	2010	42	DDM	2.4	40.5%	4.8%	14.3%	Ciprofloxacin: 2.4%
Iran[41]	2012	112	DDM	28	76.8%	18.6%	14.3%	Ciprofloxacin: 33%
								Rifampin: 28.6%
Iran[110]	2013	153	DDM	7.2	63.8%	-	26.5%	-
Turkey[45]	2003	87	DDM	-	-	-	27.5%
Turkey[16]	2004	110	DDM	-	-	-	48.2%
Turkey[17]	2006	92	DDM	-	-	-	40.5%
Turkey[111]	2007	61	DDM	-	-	-	16.4%
Turkey[63]	2012	61	DDM	0	42.6%	0%	21.3%	Levofloxain: 3.3%
Lebanon[112]	2002	54	DDM	0	29.5%	2%	4%
Bahrain[15]	1999	83	Epsilometer test	-	57%	-	33%
Saudi Arabia[59,61]	1988	71	DDM	-	38%	1.4%	-
Saudi Arabia[59,61]	1996	62	DDM	-	85.5%	0%	-
Saudi Arabia[59]	1998	63	DDM	-	78.5%	-	-
Saudi Arabia[60]	2002	223	DDM	1.3	80%	0.4%	4%
Saudi Arabia[62]	2008	46	DDM	0	69.5%	-	21%
UAE[113]	2010	26	E- test	-	-	-	19.2%
UAE[64]	2013	16	?	-	63%	-	-
Syria[114]	2012	130	FH	-	-	-	12.3%

DDM: Disk diffusion method; FH: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; UAE: United Arab Emirates.