FOLFOX/FOLFIRI pharmacogenetics: The call for a personalized approach in colorectal cancer therapy

Table 1 Putative biomarkers of efficacy and/or toxicity of 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer

Gene	Transcript	Protein	SNP	Effect	Ref.
SLC29A1	-	High	-	Inferior clinical response	Phua et al[40] 2013
ABCC11	Low	-	-	Inferior response and shorter DFS	Hlavata et al[28] 2012
TYMP	High	High	-	Longer DFS and OS	Meropol et al[48] 2006
		High	-	Better clinical response	Sadahiro et al[51] 2012
	-	High cytoplasmic	-	Longer OS	Mitselou et al[52] 2012
	High	-	-	pCR	Chiorean et al[50] 2012
	-	No association	-	DFS and OS	Ciaparrone et al[42] 2006
	No association	-	-	OS	Lassmann et al[43] 2006
	-	No association	-	OS	Soong et al[44] 2008
	No association	-	-	Clinical response	Vallbohmer et al[45] 2007
	No association	-	-	PFS and OS	Koopman et al[49] 2009
UMPS	No association	-	-	Longer OS	Yanagisawa et al[54] 2007
	-	High	-	Longer OS	Tokunaga et al[55] 2007
	-	High (tumor cells)	-	Shorter OS	Koopman et al[56] 2009
	-	High (stromal cells)	-	Longer OS	Koopman et al[56] 2009
DPYD	Low	-	-	Longer OS	Yanagisawa et al[54] 2007
	Low	-	-	Longer OS	Vallböhmer et al[45] 2007
	-	Low	-	Longer OS	Tokunaga et al[55] 2007
	-	Low1	-	Longer OS1	Koopman et al[56] 2009
	-	Low	-	Longer OS	Ciaparrone et al[42] 2007
	-	No association	-	DFS	Westra et al[59] 2005
	-	-	Rs3918290	Higher toxicity	Caudle et al[27] 2013
				Dose reduction recommended	Swen et al[62] 2011
	-	-	Rs55886062	Higher toxicity	Caudle et al[27] 2013
				Dose reduction recommended	Swen et al[62] 2011
	-	-	Rs67376798	Higher toxicity	Caudle et al[27] 2013
				Dose reduction recommended	Swen et al[62] 2011
TYMS	-	No association	-	Clinical response	Jennings et al[57] 2012
	-	-	Rs45445694	Lower protein expression, clinical benefit and higher toxicity improved	Jennings et al[57] 2012

¹Only when combined with irinotecan. PFS: Progression-free survival; DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; pCR: Complete pathological response.