Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review

doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9952

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Aug 7, 2014; 20(29): 9952-9975
Published online Aug 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9952

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Figure 4 Three woodcuts from Pictures of the Famous Products of Mountain and Sea (Sankai Meizan Zue) illustrated by Shitomi Kangetsu (1747 to 1797 CE) and published in 1799 CE, showing how to catch a bear and harvest bear bile. Capturing a bear in a cave (top panel). Seizing a bear by killing with a heavy crossbow (middle panel). Killing a bear with an axe (bottom panel).

Citation: Wang DQH, Carey MC. Therapeutic uses of animal biles in traditional Chinese medicine: An ethnopharmacological, biophysical chemical and medicinal review. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20(29): 9952-9975
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v20/i29/9952.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9952