Review
Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 7, 2014; 20(29): 9990-9997
Published online Aug 7, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9990
Table 2 Causes of free perforation of the small bowel
Immune-mediated or inflammatory
Crohn’s disease (CD)
Celiac disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE)
Collagenous sprue
Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD)
Infections
Viral: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Bacteria: Salmonella paratyphi, mycobacterium tuberculosis
Parasites: Ascaris lumbricoides
Protozoa: Entameba histolytica
Drugs and biological agents
NSAIDs: Indomethacin
Enteric-coated potassium chloride
Chemotherapy (?steroids)
Monoclonal antibodies: Bevicuzimab
Congenital
Meckel’s diverticulum
Jejunal or ileal duplications
Metabolic
Homocystinuria
Vascular
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Giant cell arteritis
Allergic granulomatous arteritis (i.e., Churg-Strauss syndrome)
Henoch-schonlein purpura
Buerger’s disease
Atherosclerotic vascular occlusion
Radiation-induced vascular injury
Neoplasm
Primary (adenocarcinoma, EATCL, angiosarcoma)
Secondary (melanoma, breast, mesothelioma, lung)