Helicobacter pylori and oral pathology: Relationship with the gastric infection

Table 5 Helicobacter pylori detection in burning, halitosis, and lingual dorsum hyperplasia n (%)

Ref.	Diagnostic method	Patient profile	H. pylori detection rate	Hal detection rate
Tiomny et al[111]	SHal	6 Hal	5/6 (83)	Post-H. pyloriET: 0/11(0)
Ierardi et al[112]	OHal	Dys [Hal: 52 (90)]	Diagnosis: 30/52 (58)	Diagnosis: 52/52 (100)
			Double H. pyloriET: 11/30 (64)	Double H. pyloriET: 11/30 (64)
			Triple H. pyloriET: 2/11 (18)	Triple H. pyloriET: 2/11 (18)
Adler et al[113]	EGB, SHal, OHal, Giemsa, PCR (SSA)	Dys, BHH	Tg: 1/1; Gc: 1/1	Case report
Gall-Troselj et al[114]	N-PCR (ureA)	AG: 87 (32)	Tg: 43/268 (16)	17/87 (20),
		BMG: 37 (14)		1/37 (3),
		BMS: 144 (54)		12/54 (22),
		(54 Tg, 90 no-Tg)		13/90 (14)
Serin et al[115]	EGB, Giemsa	Dys, Hal, EGB: H. pylori-pos, no lesion and no atrophy	EGB pos-H. pyloriET: 39/148 (26)	Hal post-H. pyloriET: 40/148 (3)
Adler et al[113]	EGB, SHal, OHal, Giemsa, PCR (SSA) y (16SrRNA)	GDSS [BHH: 46 (37), no-BHH: 78 (63)]	40/46 (87); 2/78 (3)	RR 13.01 CI 6-28.20
Brailo et al[116]	Ser (ELISA)	150 BMS	29/150 (19)	19/150 (13)
Katsinelos et al[117]	EGB, Giemsa, RUT	Dys, Hal,	Diagnosis: 18/18 (100)	Diagnosis: 18/18 (100)
			Triple H. pyloriET: 4/18 (22)	Triple H. pyloriET: 2/18 (11)
			Quad H. pyloriET: 0/18 (0)	Quad H. pyloriET: 2/18 (11)
Moshkowitz et al[118]	EGB, RUT	GDSS [GERD: 72 (55)]	H. pylori vs Hal: P > 0.05	Hal vs GERD: P < 0.05
Suzuki et al[119]	OLT, GC, PCR (16S rRNA)	Non-Dys (251 Hal, 75 no-Hal)	Sal: 21/326 (6)	H. pylori-pos: Higher VSC and OLT Score
Yoo et al[120]	OHal, GC, 13-UBT	H. pylori-pos [EGL: 24 (33), NEGL: 48 (675)]	72/72 (100)	VSC: EGL vs NEGL: P < 0.01
Lee et al[121]	EGB, OHal	Dys, Hal	Gc: 68/88 (77)	Korea Red Ginseng Supplementation
Kinberg et al[122]	EGB	Hal [GDSS: 36 (38)]	14/94 (15)	OHal: 74/94: (78)
Tangerman et al[123]	EGB, OLT, GC, RUT	GDSS, Hal	11/49 (22)	VSC: 9/49 (18); H. pylori: 1/9 (11)

AG: Atrophic glossitis; BHH: Burning, halitosis, and lingual dorsum hyperplasia; BMS: Burning mouth syndrome; BMG: Benign migratory glossitis; Dys: Dyspepsia; EGB: Endoscopic gastric biopsy; EGL: Erosive gastric lesions; GC: Gas chromatography; Gc: Gastric; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; GDSS: Gastric disease; Hal: Halitosis; H. pyloriET: Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy; N: Nested; NEGL: Non-erosive gastric lesions; OHal: Objective halimeter levels > 100 ppb; OLT: Organoleptic test; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; Pos: Positive; Quad: Quadruple; RR: Relative risk; RUT: Rapid urease test; Sal: Saliva; Ser: Serology; SHal: Subjective halitosis; SSA: 26-kDa species-specific antigen gene; Tg: Tongue; VSC: Volatil sulfur compounds; ¹³-UBT: ¹³C-urea breath test.