Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori in times of increasing antibiotic resistance

Table 4 Recent data on Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance rates in different regions and countries

Ref.	Region	Antibiotic resistance rates
		Clar	Met	Levo
Tveit et al[94]	Alaska	30%2	42%2	19%2
Gao et al[71]	China; Beijing	37.2%2	63.9%2	50.3%2
Su et al[83]	China; South East coastal region	21.5%2	95.4%2	20.6%2
McNulty et al[19]	England	3%2	22%2	1%2
Megraud et al[42]	Europe; Northern countries	7.7%1	28.6%1	7.7%1
Megraud et al[42]	Europe; Southern countries	21.5%1	29.7%1	13.1%1
Megraud et al[42]	Europe; Western and central countries	18.7%1	43.8%1	18.6%1
Abadi et al[95]	Iran	45.2%2	65.5%2	34.5%2
O’Connor et al[81]	Ireland	9.3%1	29.1%1	ND
O’Connor et al[82]		13.2%2	31.5%2	11.7%2
Yamade et al[84]	Japan	38.8%1	ND	34%1
		55.6%2	ND	38.6%2
Lee et al[85]	Korea	23.7%1	ND	28.1%1
Seck et al[96]	Senegal	1%1	85%1	15%1
Vilachione et al[70]	Thailand	3.7%1	36%1	7.2%1
McNulty et al[19]	Wales	18%2	43%2	13%2

¹Primary antibiotic resistance rates;

²Overall resistance rates. Clar: Clarithromycin; Met: Metronidazole; Levo: Levofloxacin; ND: No data presented in this study.