Gene-diet interactions in gastric cancer risk: A systematic review

Table 3 Interactive effect between other genetic polymorphisms and diet on gastric cancer risk

Ref.	No. case/control	Gene	Diet/nutrient	Outcome
	(control)	(polymorphism)		Gene	Diet/nutrient	Interaction
Mu et al[47], 2005, China	206/415 (Population)	GSTM1 (null)	Green tea	Multi-genetic index (≥ 3 vs 0-1): OR = 2.21 (1.02-4.79)	Green tea (high vs low): OR = 0.39 (0.17-0.91)	Among individual carrying p53 codon 72 Pro/Pro genotype, no green tea drinking increased GC risk compared with those with Arg carriers and green tea drinking
		GSTT1 (null)
		GSTP1 (Ile/Val)
		p53 codon 72
		(Arg/Pro)
Sul et al[52], 2006, United States	155/134 (Hospital)	p53 codon 72 (Pro/Arg)	Na, calorie, fiber, fat, Vt C, alcohol	No assoc	Unknown	Possible interactions were observed between Vt C or fat intake and Pro/Pro genotype on GC risk
Ko et al[49],2009, South Korea	84/336 (Korean Multi-Center Cancer Cohort; nested case-control)	IL-1B (4 SNPs)	Soybean product	No assoc	No assoc	Low intake of soybean product increased GC risk among carriers of IL-10 gene variants (-592 GG/GA, -819 TC/CC, or -1082 AG/GG)
		IL-2 (2 SNPs)
		IL-4 (2 SNPs)
		IL-8 (3 SNPs)
		IL-10 (3 SNPs)
Wright et al[54], 2009, Poland	279/414 (Population)	SLC23A1 (4 SNPs) SLC23A2 (9 SNPs)	Vt C	No assoc	Fruit/juice (P < 0.001)	No interaction
López Carrillo et al[48], 2012, Mexico	158/317 (Hospital)	IL-1B (-31C/T)	Capsaicin	No assoc	Unknown	IL-1B-31 C allele carriers infected with H. pylori (CagA+) strains with moderate/high consumption of capsaicin showed an increased GC risk compared to T carriers (P interaction between Cap consumption and IL-1B-31C carrier = 0.04)
Oliveira et al[50], 2012, Brazil	200/246 (Population)	IL-1RN (VNTR)TNF-β (A252G)	Alcohol	IL-1RN (VNTR) L/2+2/2 vs LL OR = 2.53 (1.66-3.80)	Drinker vs non-drinker: OR = 3.09 (1.91-5.02)	No interaction
Agudo et al[53], 2013, Europe	365/1284 (EPIC study, nested case-control)	HFE (9 SNPs)	Fe	H63D G allele vs CC) (dominant): OR = 1.73 (1.20-2.51) for non-cardia; OR = 1.93 (1.25-2.98) for intestinal type	No assoc	No interaction
Song et al[55], 2013, South Korea	3245/1700 (Hospital)	PRKAA1 and PTGER4 (rs13361707)ZBTB20 (rs9841504)	Alcohol	rs13361707 (TT vs CC): OR = 1.68 (1.41-2.01)	No assoc	No interaction
Zhang et al[56], 2013, China	401/420 (Hospital)	EGFR (6 SNPs)	Salty food, alcohol	rs2072454 (T allele vs C allele):OR = 0.77 (0.61-0.97)	Salty food (P < 0.001); Alcohol drinking (P < 0.006)	No interaction

GSTM1: Glutathione S-transferase M1; GSTT1: Glutathione S-transferase T1; GSTP1: Glutathione S-transferase P1; p53: Tumor protein p53; IL: Interleukin; SLC23A1: Solute carrier family 23 (ascorbic acid transporter) member 1; HFE: Hemochromatosis; PRKAA1: 5’-AMP activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1; PTGER4: Prostaglandin E receptor 4; TNF-β: Tumor necrosis factor beta; ZBTB20: Zinc finger and BTB domain containing protein 20; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; Fe: Iron; Vt: Vitamin; GC: Gastric cancer; No assoc: No association; Na: Sodium; Fe: Iron.