Update on the prevention of local recurrence and peritoneal metastases in patients with colorectal cancer

Table 2 Current indications for proactive management of peritoneal metastases and local-regional progression for colon cancer

1Biopsy-proven cancer nodule(s) on any peritoneal surface including the primary cancer (T4)

1Positive biopsy or pathologic enlargement of an ovary

1Cancer at the surgical margin of resection (R-1)

Perforation through the malignancy (iatrogenic by colonoscopy or spontaneous)

Positive peritoneal cytology

Adjacent organ involvement or fistula formation

Lymph nodes positive at the margins of resection

Rupture of the primary cancer during resection

¹Eligible for second-look plus hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy.