Epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis C virus infection

Table 4 Hepatitis C virus genotypes and liver-related diseases

Ref.	Study population	Study design	HCV genotypes determination	Findings	Comments
Martinot-Peignoux et al[53]	1872 HCV infected patients from 14 tertiary referral centers in France	Cross-sectional	Reverse hybridization with line probe assay (LiPA)	LC in genotype 1b and 4 (13% and 13%) were found more frequently than in genotype 1a, 2, or 3 (8%, 9%, and 7%), P = 0.03	Clinical patients
					temporality
					Only proportions provided, not control for other confounders
Silini et al[57]	162 LC and 162 HCC cases in Italy	Case-control	Polymerase chain reaction	Genotype 1b vs others: OR = 1.7 (1.1-2.9)	Clinical patients
					Temporality
					Matched with age, gender, child’s class
Kobayashi et al[56]	140 untreated CHC patients in Japan	Retrospective follow-up	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	Deterioration of the stage of liver histology:Genotype 1, 63%Genotype 2, 39%P < 0.05	Clinical patients
					Only proportions calculated and time not taken into analytical consideration
Fattovich et al[55]	292 biopsy-proven LC patients form 7 referral centers in Europe	Prospective follow-up	Nested polymerase chain reaction	HCC risk	Clinical patients and more than 1/2 were treated with interferon
				Genotype 1b vs others
				HR = 1.0 (0.5-2.3)
Bruno et al[54]	163 liver cirrhosis patients in Italy	Prospective follow-up	INNO-LiPA HCV II (Bayer Corp., Tarrytown, NY)	HCC risk	Interferon treated patients
				Genotype 1b vs 2a/c	Incidence of HCC calculated
				HR = 3.0 (1.4-6.5)

CHC: Chronic hepatitis C; LC: Liver cirrhosis; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; OR: Odds ratio; HR: Hazard ratio.