Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A review of current and emerging drug therapies

Table 3 Chemical and clinical characteristics of novel prokinetic agents

	Prucalopride	Naronapride	Velusetrag	ROSE-010
Chemical structure	Dihydrobenzofuran carboxamide	Benzamide	Dihydroxyquinoline-carboxamide	Glucagon-related peptide
Target receptor/affinity	High selectivity and affinity for 5-HT4 (> 150-fold)	5-HT4 full agonist in the GI tract; partial agonist in the heart	Potent selective agonist of 5-HT4 with high affinity (500-fold)	GLP-1 analogue
Pharmacodynamic effects	Accelerated colonic transit in health and CC	Accelerated colonic transit in health	Dose-dependent acceleration of colonic transit in health	Acceleration of colonic transit; antinociceptive effect in IBS-C
Most common adverse events	Diarrhea	Diarrhea	Diarrhea	Nausea
	Nausea	Headache	Nausea	Headache
	Headache		Headache
	Abdominal pain		Vomiting
Approval status/stage of development	Approved for CC in EU in 2009 and in Canada in 2011	Phase 2 RCTs in CC completed	Phase 2 RCTs in CC completed	Phase 2 RCTs in IBS-C completed

CC: Chronic constipation; EU: European Union; GI: Gastrointestinal; GLP-1: Glucagon like peptide-1; IBS-C: Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome; RCT: Randomized controlled trial; 5HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine.