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Copyright ©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2014; 20(27): 8790-8795
Published online Jul 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i27.8790
Table 1 Food and Drug Administration drug administration categories for the use of medications in pregnancy
CategoryObservations
AControlled studies both in humans and in animals have shown that there is no risk during the first trimester and the possibility of fetal harm is remote
BStudies in animals have shown no risk to the fetus. However, no controlled studies have been carried out in pregnant women. In addition, studies in animals have revealed adverse effects which were not confirmed in pregnant women in the first trimester
CThere is no record of controlled studies in humans. Studies in animals have shown adverse effects. Moreover, studies in humans and animals showing that the benefit may outweigh the risk have not been validated
DEvidence of risk for the fetus
XStudies in animals and humans have shown fetal abnormalities, so these drugs are contraindicated