Primary sclerosing cholangitis as an independent risk factor for colorectal cancer in the context of inflammatory bowel disease: A review of the literature

Table 2 Summary of studies investigating the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid a chemopreventive agent in primary sclerosing cholangitis patients with concurrent inflammatory bowel disease

Ref.	Location	UDCA (n)	CRN incidence UDCA (n)	No UDCA (n)	CRN incidence no UDCA (n)	Study type	Is UDCA chemopreventive?
[36]	United States	29	3	23	8	RCT	Yes
[37]	United States	28	3	92	13	Retrospective	No
[38]	Sweden	37	13	40	15	RCT	No
[39]	United States	25	9	31	3	RCT	No-high dose UDCA
[40]	Germany	120	7	N/A	N/A	Prospective	No-short term; yes-long term

CRN: Colorectal neoplasm (dysplasia and cancer); RCT: Randomised controlled trial; N/A: Not applicable; UDCA: Ursodeoxycholic acid; PSC: Primary sclerosing cholangitis; IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease.