Outcomes of simple saline-coupled bipolar electrocautery for hepatic resection

Table 4 Postoperative complications n (%)

Complication	BIP	CUSA + BIP	CLAMP	P value
	(n = 75)	(n = 53)	(n = 252)
Yes	23 (30.67)	15 (28.30)	117 (46.43)	0.007
Abdominal infection	2 (2.67)	1 (1.89)	22 (8.73)	0.035
Bile leak > 2 wk	1 (1.33)	1 (1.89)	18 (7.14)	0.039
Acute liver failure	1 (1.33)	0	2 (0.79)	0.710
Return to operating room	0	1 (1.89)	3 (1.19)	0.577
Respiratory failure	0	1 (1.89)	2 (0.79)	0.448
Bleeding > 500 mL within 24 h	1 (1.33)	1 (1.89)	7 (2.78)	0.725
Hyperbilirubinemia	3 (4.00)	5 (9.43)	8 (3.17)	0.181
Sepsis	0	0	2 (0.79)	1.000
Ileus	0	0	3 (1.19)	1.000
Pulmonary embolism	1 (1.33)	0	1 (0.40)	0.561
Hepatorenal syndrome	0	0	1 (0.40)	1.000
30-d postoperative death	1 (1.33)	0	2 (0.79)	0.710
Deep venous thrombosis	0	0	1 (0.40)	1.000
Pleural effusion	4 (5.33)	3 (5.66)	24 (9.52)	0.370
Wound infection	16 (21.33)	12 (22.64)	50 (19.84)	0.884
Wound dehiscence	0	0	2 (0.79)	1.000
Pneumonia	2 (2.67)	2 (3.77)	16 (6.35)	0.359
Hepatic insufficiency	7 (9.33)	2 (3.77)	20 (7.94)	0.432
Ascites	1 (1.33)	2 (3.77)	29 (11.51)	0.002
Atelectasis	1 (1.33)	1 (1.89)	3 (1.19)	0.928

BIP: Bipolar coagulation; CUSA: Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator; CLAMP: Conventional clamp crushing.