Outcomes of simple saline-coupled bipolar electrocautery for hepatic resection

Table 2 Surgical outcomes n (%)

Outcome		BIP (n = 75)	CUSA+BIP (n = 53)	CLAMP (n = 252)	P value
Blood loss1	≤ 1000 mL	73 (97.33)	48 (90.57)	192 (76.19)	< 0.001
	> 1000 mL	2 (2.67)	5 (9.43)	60 (23.81)
Intraoperative transfusion1		12 (16.00)	7 (13.21)	117 (46.43)	< 0.001
Blood loss (mL) median2		315 (50-1800)	328 (50-2000)	583 (50-5000)	< 0.001
Transfusion of RBC (mL) median		37 (0-800)	56 (0-1200)	69 (0-2800)	< 0.001
Operative time (min) median		315 (105-965)	335 (80-730)	265 (60-590)	< 0.001

¹P (χ²);

²Variables are expressed as median (minimum-maximum). P: Multiple samples rank sum test (H). BIP: Bipolar coagulation; CUSA: Cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator; CLAMP: Conventional clamp crushing.