Need for pancreatic stenting after sphincterotomy in patients with difficult cannulation

Table 4 Risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in patients undergoing endoscopic sphincterotomy after biliary cannulation by pancreatic duct guidewire placement

Univariate analysis	Pancreatitis (+) (n = 10)	Pancreatitis (-) (n = 45)	P-value	OR (95%CI)
Age (< 60 yr)	2	9	1.000	1.0 (0.18-5.5)
Female gender	5	23	1.000	0.96 (0.24-3.8)
Periampullary diverticulum	3	20	0.494	0.54 (0.12-2.3)
Pancreatic guidewire (0.035 inch)	4	23	0.729	0.64 (0.16-2.6)
EST incision range (small)	3	4	0.104	4.4 (0.80-24)
No pancreatic duct stenting	9	22	0.031	9.4 (1.1-81)
Endoscopic biliary stenting	3	22	0.318	0.45 (0.10-2.0)
Bile duct stone removal	5	24	1.000	0.88 (0.22-3.5)
Intraductal ultrasonography	4	13	0.479	1.6 (0.40-6.8)
Endoscopic nasobiliary drainage	4	5	0.047	5.3 (1.1-26)
Biopsy of the bile duct	3	6	0.340	2.8 (0.56-14)
Cytology of the bile juice	3	6	0.340	2.8 (0.56-14)
Endoscopic naso-gallbladder drainage	1	4	0.220	3.5 (0.50-24)
Peroral cholangioscopy	1	2	0.459	2.4 (0.20-29)
Procedure time (> 60 min)	5	19	0.733	1.4 (0.35-5.4)

EST: Endoscopic sphincterotomy.