Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections: The importance of the intestinal microbiota

Figure 4 Perturbation of intestinal microbiota by antibiotics allowing Clostridium difficile infection and fecal microbiota transplantation effect (adapted from[27]). A: Antibiotic use destroys some sensitive bacteria and reduces the microbiota diversity and resistance to colonization by opportunistic pathogens; B: In the absence of opportunistic infection, microbiota usually recover its homeostasis; C: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection can lead to persistent dysbiosis; D: Fecal microbiota transplantation restores microbiota diversity and colonization resistance and allows the elimination of C. difficile.