Recurrent Clostridium difficile infections: The importance of the intestinal microbiota

Table 1 Independent risk factors for Clostridium difficile infections (adapted from[9])

Antibiotic use (especially 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones)

Patients older than 60 yr

Admission in previous 60 d

Use of proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 blockers

Use of anti-motility agent

Mechanical ventilation

Hypoalbuminemia