Effects of resveratrol and other polyphenols in hepatic steatosis

Table 3 In vivo studies carried out with quercetin

Ref.	Animal model	Quercetin dose and treatment period length	Effects	Mechanisms
Kobori et al[55], 2009	BALB/c mice with STZ-induced diabetes and steatosis fed a standard diet	0.5% in the diet	↓ Oxidative stress
		2 wk	↓ Liver damage
Kobori et al[56], 2011	C57BL/6 J mice fed a high-fat diet	0.5% in the diet	↓ Triacylglycerols	Normalized gene expression of PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c, FAS, CD36
		20 wk	↓ Oxidative stress	↑ PPAR-α mRNA expression
Marcolin et al[58,59], 2012, 2013	Male C57BL/6J mice fed a diet deficient in methionine and choline	0.005% in the diet	↓ Macro/micro vesicular steatosis	↓ Proinflammatory ond profibritic gene expression
		4 wk	↓ Balloning
			↓ Serum transaminases
			↓ Oxidative stress
			↓ DNA damage
Panchal et al[57], 2012	Male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet	0.8% in the diet (50 mg/kg bw per day)	Attenuated steatosis	↑ Nrf2
		8 wk		↓ NF-kβ
				↑ CPT-1a
Jung et al[50], 2013	C57B1/6 mice fed a high-fat diet	0.025% in the diet	↓ Liver weight	↓ FAS, Acaca, Apoa4, Abcg5, Fdft1 and GPAM mRNA expressions
			↓ Triacylglycerols
		8 wk	↓ Lipid droplet size
Ying et al[54], 2013	Gerbils fed a high-fat diet	15, 30, 60 mg/kg bw per day	All doses
			↓ Triacylglycerols
		2 wk	↓ Lipid droplets size
			↓ Serum transaminases
			60 mg/kg bw per day
			↓ Liver collagen

↓: Decrease; ↑: Increase. STZ: Streptozotocin; PPAR-γ: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ; SREBP-1c: Sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; FAS: Fatty acid synthase; CD36: Cluster of differentiation 36; PPAR-α: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α; BW: Body weight; CPT-1a: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a; Acaca: Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase α; Apoa4: Apolipoprotein A-IV; Abcg: ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G, member 5; Fdft1: Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1; Gpam: Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, mitochondrial.