Conventional endoscopic features are not sufficient to differentiate small, early colorectal cancer

Table 1 Baseline characteristics and endoscopic findings according to the depth of invasion in submucosal cancer n (%)

	Deep submucosal cancer (n = 25)	Superficial submucosal cancer (n = 39)	P value
Age (mean ± SD, yr)	58.4 ± 8.5	62.4 ± 9.8	0.097
Sex			0.241
Male	13 (52.0)	26 (66.7)
Female	12 (48.0)	13 (33.3)
Size (mm)	16.88 ± 3.28	15.28 ± 3.64	0.080
Shape
Sessile	8 (32.0)	18 (46.2)	0.397
Pedunculated	5 (20.0)	4 (10.3)
Superfical (Flat)	12 (48.0)	17 (43.6)
Location			0.581
Right colon	8 (32.0)	10 (25.6)
Left colon	17 (68.0)	29 (74.4)
Endoscopic finding
Morphological features
Any of them	22 (88.0)	27 (69.2)	0.084
None of them	3 (12.0)	12 (30.8)
(P, S) Loss of lobulation	3/13 (23.1)	7/22 (31.8)	0.709
(P, S) Excavation	0/13 (0.0)	1/22 (4.5)	1.000
(All) Demarcated depressed area	13/25 (52.0)	17/39 (43.6)	0.511
(P) Stalk swelling	5/5 (100.0)	2/4 (50.0)	0.167
(F) Fullness	3/12 (25.0)	0/17 (0.0)	0.060
(F) Fold convergency	1/12 (8.3)	0/17 (0.0)	0.414
(All) Ulcer bleeding	1/25 (4.0)	1/39 (2.6)	1.000
Pit pattern			1.000
Non-invasive	1 (4.0)	2 (5.1)
Invasive	24 (96.0)	37 (94.9)
Non-lifting sign			0.010
Positive	17 (85.0)	17 (48.6)
Negative	3 (15.0)	18 (51.4)

Superficial tumors: Superficial submucosal cancer and adenoma; P: Pedunculated type; S: Sessile type; F: Flat/depressed type.