Role of dental plaque, saliva and periodontal disease in Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 5 Studies evaluating the effect of periodontal therapy on oral and gastric Helicobacter pylori

Ref.	Sample population and sample size	Prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaque	Details of periodontal therapy	Prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaque after periodontal therapy	Effect on H. pylori infection
Gao et al[46], 2011	China; 80 patients with H. pylori infection-37 treated with anti-H. pylori therapy (gp A) and 43 treated with anti-H. pylori therapy and periodontal therapy (gp B)	82.3% in dental plaque and 51.1% in saliva	Gp A-2 wk proton pump inhibitor or triple therapy; gp B-2 wk triple therapy and initial periodontal therapy (oral hygiene education and scaling)	After 4 wk, 29.7% (n = 11) in gp A and 4.7% (n = 2) in gp B; after 1 yr, 43.2% (n = 16) in gp A and 18.6% (n = 8) in gp B	Eradication rate of gastric H. pylori After 4 wk, 73% (27/37) in gp A and 81.4% (35/43) in gp B, after 1 year, 32.4% (11/37) in gp A and 62.8% (27/43) in gp B
Sambashivaiah et al[73], 2011	India; 36 patients in 3 groups-group I, healthy subjects, group II, chronic periodontitis patients, group III, chronic periodontitis patients with type II diabetes mellitus	Overall-66.7% (n = 24); among group I-41.7% (n = 5), group II-75% (n = 9), group III-83.3% (n = 10)	Group II and III patients received full mouth scaling and root planning	Group II, 0 and group III, 8.3% (n = 1)	Not evaluated
Zaric et al[72], 2009	Serbia; 43 patients positive for H. pylori in sub gingival dental plaque and gastric mucosa-21 received only anti-H. pylori (triple) therapy (G+O+t); 22 received anti-H. pylori (triple) therapy)+periodontal therapy (G+O+tp)	100%	Triple therapy consisting of amoxicilin 2 g/d, clarithromycin 1 g/d, and pantoprazole 80 mg/d for 7 d. Periodontal therapy included oral hygiene orientation, plaque and calculus removal with an ultrasonic device, scaling, and root planing, as well as irrigation of periodontal pockets with 0.12% chlorhexidine-gluconate performed during triple therapy, in one sitting	In G+O+t-66.7% (14/21); in G+O+tp-27.3% (6/22)	In the G+O+tp group, 77.3% (17/ 22) showed eradication of gastric H. pylori compared with 47.6% (10/21) in G+O+t
Jia et al[83], 2009	China; 107 dyspeptic patients in whom H. pylori was eradicated from the gastric mucosa-56 received dental plaque control (test) and 51 did not (control)	Not evaluated	Full-mouth scaling, root planning and polishing, and dental plaque control instructions by dentist	Not evaluated	Prevalence of H. pylori in gastric mucosa was 19.64% (11/56) in test group and 84.31% (43/51) in control group
Butt et al[82], 2001	Pakistan; 82 patients positive for H. pylori in dental plaque-27 received only anti-H. pylori therapy (gp 1); 25 received anti-H. pylori therapy+periodontal therapy (gp 2); 30 received only periodontal therapy (gp 3)	100%	Gp 1-twice daily omeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg; gp 2-triple therapy and dental scaling and chlorhexidine mouthwashes twice daily for 7 d; gp 3-only dental treatment	100% in gp 1; 16% in gp 2 (4/25); 10% in gp 3 (3/30)	Not evaluated

H. pylori:Helicobacter pylori.