Role of dental plaque, saliva and periodontal disease in Helicobacter pylori infection

Table 4 Studies evaluating the effects of systemic Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on oral Helicobacter pylori

Ref.	Sample population and sample size	Prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaque	Type of anti-H. pylori therapy	Prevalence of H. pylori in dental plaque after anti-H. pylori therapy	Effect on H. pylori infection
Gao et al[46], 2011	China; 80 patients with H. pylori infection-37 treated with anti-H. pylori therapy (gp A) and 43 treated with anti-H. pylori therapy and periodontal therapy (gp B)	82.3% in dental plaque and 51.1% in saliva	Gp A-2 wk proton pump inhibitor or triple therapy; gp B-2 wk triple therapy and initial periodontal therapy (oral hygiene education and scaling)	After 4 wk-29.7% (n = 11) in gp A and 4.7% (n = 2) in gp B; after 1 yr-43.2% (n = 16) in gp A and 18.6% (n = 8) in gp B	Eradication rate of gastric H. pylori After 4 wk-73% (27/37) in gp A and 81.4% (35/43) in gp B After 1 yr-32.4% (11/37) in gp A and 62.8% (27/43) in gp B
Bago et al[81], 2011	Croatia; 56 patients with chronic periodontitis and gastric H. pylori-positive	37.5% (n = 21)	One week therapy consisting of amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg, and omeprazole 20 mg twice a day	0	Eradication rate in stomach was 76.2% (16/21)
Zaric et al[72], 2009	Serbia; 44 patients-21 patients positive for H. pylori in subgingival dental plaque and gastric mucosa (G+O+t) and 23 patients who were positive for H. pylori only in gastric mucosa (G+O-t)- all 44 received only anti-H. pylori (triple) therapy	47.7%	Triple therapy consisting of amoxicillin 2 g/d, clarithromycin 1 g/d, and pantoprazole 80 mg/d for 7 d	In G+O+t-66.7% (14/21)	In the G+O+t group, only 47.6% (10/21) showed eradication of gastric H. pylori compared with 87.4% (20/23) in G+O-t
Gebara et al[80], 2006	Brazil; 30 dentate patients with gingivitis/periodontitis and H. pylori infection who received anti-H. pylori therapy	20% (n = 6) in supra-gingival plaque and 26.6% (n = 8) in sub-gingival plaque	Triple therapy consisting of amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg twice a day for 7 d	30% (n = 9) in supra-gingival plaque and 46.7% (n = 14) in sub-gingival plaque	Eradication rate of 90%
Gürbüz et al[39], 2003	Turkey; 75 dyspeptic patients of which 61 were H. pylori-positive and also had H. pylori in dental plaque	90.7% (n = 68); 81.3% (n = 61) had co-infection	Amoxicillin 1 g, clarithromycin 500 mg, and ranitidine bismuth citrate 400 mg twice a day for 7 d	100% in 61 patients	Eradication rate of 83%
Suk et al[98], 2002	Taiwan; 65 patients with dyspeptic symptoms	Overall-43.1% (n = 28), 73.7% (28/38) among H. pylori-positive patients	Colloidal bismuth subcitrate 1 g, amoxicillin 500 mg, and metronidazole 250 mg four times daily for 2 wk or cimetidine 200 mg, amoxicillin 500 mg, and metronidazole 250 mg 4 times a day for 2 wk	92.9% (26/28)	H. pylori eradicated from 84.2% (n = 32/38) H. pylori infected individuals
Butt et al[82], 2001	Pakistan; 82 patients positive for H. pylori in dental plaque-27 received only anti-H. pylori therapy (gp 1); 25 received anti-H. pylori therapy+periodontal therapy (gp 2); 30 received only periodontal therapy (gp 3)	100%	Gp 1-twice daily omeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 500 mg and metronidazole 400 mg; gp 2-triple therapy and dental scaling and chlorhexidine mouthwashes twice daily for 7 d; gp 3-only dental treatment	100% in gp 1; 16% in gp 2 (4/25); 10% in gp 3 (3/30)	Not evaluated
Miyabayashi et al[79], 2000	Japan; 47 patients with chronic gastritis or peptic ulcer-48.9% (n = 23) were positive for oral H. pylori and 38.3% (n = 18) had H. pylori in plaque	48.9% (n = 23) were positive for oral H. pylori and 38.3% (n = 18) had H. pylori in plaque	Lansoprazole 30 mg/d, metronidazole 750 mg/d, and clarithromycin 400 mg/d for 2 wk	Oral prevalence at 4 wk-34% (16/47)	At 4 wk-91.6% (22/24) of subjects negative for oral H. pylori were successfully eradicated of H. pylori infection compared to 52.2% (12/23) in oral H. pylori-positive patients. At 2 years, 95.8% (23/24) of subjects negative for oral H. pylori were successfully eradicated of H. pylori infection compared with 69.5% (16/23) in oral H. pylori-positive patients

H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.