Multimodal imaging evaluation in staging of rectal cancer

Figure 4 Over-staging due to post-chemoradiotherapy changes. T2-weighted image obtained after chemoradiotherapy shows hypo-intense infiltration (arrows) to the perirectal fat and a spiculated lymph node (arrowheads), which was misinterpreted as a remnant T3 lesion and metastatic node. However, there was neither a residual tumor nor metastatic lymph node on the pathological examinations after surgery.