Molecular and prognostic heterogeneity of microsatellite-unstable colorectal cancer

Table 3 Potential prognostic molecular factors for microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer: A review of the literature

Molecular factors	Prognostic implication in MSI-H CRC (molecular alteration)	Ref.
HSP110	Favorable (high expression of mutant HSP110/low expression of wild-type HSP110)	Dorard et al[59], 2011
		Kim et al[96], 2014
Beta2- microglobulin	Favorable (mutation of beta2-microglobulin)	Kloor et al[54], 2007
		Tikidzhieva et al[143], 2012
Myosin 1a	Unfavorable (low expression of myosin 1a)	Mazzolini et al[53], 2012
CDX2/CK20	Unfavorable (loss of CDX2/CK20 expression)	Kim et al[149], 2013
SMAD4	Favorable (high expression of SMAD4)	Isaksson-Mettavainio et al[150], 2012
CIMP	Unfavorable (CIMP-H)	Bae et al[87], 2011
LINE-1	Unfavorable (low LINE-1 methylation level)	Rhee et al[162], 2012

CIMP: CpG island methylator phenotype; CIMP-H: CIMP-high; CRC: Colorectal cancer; LINE-1: Long interspersed nucleotide element-1; MSI-H: Microsatellite instability-high; HSP110: Heat shock protein 110 kDa; CDX2: Caudal-type homeobox 2; CK20: Cytokeratin 20; SMAD4: SMAD family member 4.