Current and future molecular diagnostics in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma

Table 2 Molecular markers for the detection of colorectal cancer

Markers	Detection method	Specimen	Sensitivity		Specificity	Ref.
KRAS	Mutation analysis	Stool	C	55%	100%	Puig et al[67], 2000
			A	27%	100%
APC gene	Mutation analysis	Stool	C	61%	100%	Traverso et al[68], 2002
			A	50%	100%
MSI markers	Digital-PCR based method	Stool	C	37%	100%	Traverso et al[69], 2002
			A	0%
Long form DNA	Quantitative fluorescence determination by PCR	Stool	C	79%	89%	Calistri et al[70], 2009
Septin 9 methylated DNA	Real time PCR analysis	Plasma	C	72%	90%	Grützmann et al[42], 2008

C: Colorectal carcinoma; A: Colorectal adenoma; MSI: Microsatellite instability; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.