Inhibition of host immune response in colorectal cancer: Human leukocyte antigen-G and beyond

Table 1 List of associations found between single nucleotide polymorphisms/alleles in human leukocyte antigen-G untranslated regions and different pathologies; genotype-phenotype correlations were also reported

UTRs	SNP	Genotype and/or allele	Disease	Association with1	UTR SNP and sHLA-G correlation	sHLA-G level	Statistical significance2	Country	Ref.
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	PE	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	Yes	China	[36]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	RSA3	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	No	Denmark	[112]
3’	+3142 C/G	+3142 GG and G allele	SLE	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	Yes	Brazil	[37]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	SLE	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	No	Brazil	[37]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	OvaC	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	Yes	Canada	[33]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp D/D	EsophC	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	Yes	China	[34]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp D/D and D allele	HCC	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	Yes	Brazil	[35]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I and D allele	HCC	Increased disease risk	ND	ND	No	South Korea	[137]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	Allo-HSCT	Lower OS and DFS	ND	ND	Yes	Italy	[138]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp D/D	RA	MTX therapy (responder group)	Yes	Higher	Yes4	Italy	[114]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	RR-MS	sHLA-G	Yes	Lower	Yes4	Italy	[139]
3’	+3142 C/G	+3142 GG	RR-MS	sHLA-G	Yes	Lower	Yes4	Italy	[139]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	IVF3	sHLA-G	Yes	Absent	Yes	Denmark	[141]
5’	-725C/G/T	-725C>G	IVF3	sHLA-G	Yes	Absent	ND	Denmark	[141]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	Heart T	sHLA-G	Yes	Lower	Yes	Canada	[142]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	HD	sHLA-G	Yes	Lower	Yes	China	[143]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp D allele	ERA	Improved disease remission	Yes	Higher	Yes4	Italy	[144]
5’	-725C/G/T	-725Callele	RPL3	sHLA-G	Yes	Lower	Yes	Iraq	[148]
3’	14 bp INDEL	14 bp I/I	PTC	Increased disease risk not found	No	Higher	Yes5	Italy	[31]

¹Data reported in this column are related to the association with SNPs in UTRs; the increased disease risk was compared with a HD control group;

²Statistical significance is referred to HLA-G SNP and disease status analysis;

³The disease status is related to infertility problems;

⁴A statistical significance was found also between HLA-G SNP and sHLA-G levels;

⁵A statistical significance was found between sHLA-G levels and the disease risk. UTR: Untranslated region; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; sHLA-G: Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G; INDEL: Insertion/deletion polymorphism; I: Insertion; D: Deletion; PE: Pre-eclampsia; RSA: Recurrent spontaneous abortions; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematous; OvaC: Ovarian cancer; EsophC: Esophageal cancer; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Allo-HSCT: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; RR-MS: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis; IVF: In vitro fertilization failure; Heart T: Heart transplantation; HD: Healthy blood donors; ERA: Early rheumatoid arthritis; RPL: Recurrent pregnancy loss; PTC: Papillary thyroid carcinoma; OS: Overall survival; DFS: Disease free survival; MTX: Methotrexate; ND: Not determined.