Liquid biopsy of gastric cancer patients: Circulating tumor cells and cell-free nucleic acids

Table 2 Prognostic value of circulating tumor cells in gastric cancer

Characteristic and number of patients		Detection method		Statistic value				Ref.
	17	RT-PCR	CK19 mRNA	OS	P = 0.014	CK19 (+) vs (-)		Yeh et al[137]
(non-responsive to chemotherapy)
I-IV	57	RT-PCR	CEA mRNA	Liver metastasis recurrence	P = 0.03	CEA (+) vs (-)	(a)	Miyazono et al[59]
I-IV	106	RT-PCR	CEA mRNA	Recurrence/metastasis	P = 0.02	CEA (+) vs (-)	(a)	Sumikura et al[141]
I-IV	46	qRT-PCR	CK20 mRNA	2-year-survival	P < 0.05	CK20 (+) vs (-)	N/A	Friederichs et al[143]
I-IV	41	RT-PCR	CK20 mRNA	OS	P = 0.0363	CK20 (+) vs (-)	(b)	Illert et al[144]
(with curative resection)
I-III	46	RT-PCR	CEA mRNA	Recurrence	P ≤ 0.00022	CEA after sugery (+) vs (-)	(a)	Seo et al[145]
				Recurrence	P = 0.015		(c)
I-IV	52	RT-PCR	C-Met mRNA	OS	P = 0.0178	C-Met (+) vs (-)	(b)	Uen et al[42]
			MUC1 mRNA	OS	P = 0.0352	MUC1 (+) vs (-)	(b)
I-IV	42	RT-PCR	CEA mRNA	Recurrence/metastasis	P = 0.032	CEA (+) vs (-)	(c)	Wu et al[43]
I-IV	64	MAH	hTERT/CK19/CEA/MUC1	Recurrence/metastasis	P = 0.009	All marker (+) vs the others	(c)	Wu et al[44]
				OS	P = 0.0223		(b)
Metastatic	27	CellSearch	EpCAM	OS	P = 0.039	CTC ≥ 2 vs < 2	(b)	Hiraiwa et al[55]
		System	CK8/18/19
I-IV	69	qRT-PCR	CK19 mRNA	OS	P = 0.0347	CK19 (+) vs (-)	(b)	Koga et al[148]
(with curative resection)			CK20 mRNA	OS	P = 0.049	CK20 (+) vs (-)	(b)
I-IV	810	RT-PCR	MT1-MMP	Recurrence/metastasis	P = 0.0018	MT1-MMP (+) vs (-)	(c)	Mimori et al[57]
I-IV	55	RT-PCR ELISA	Survivin mRNA	RFS	P = 0.026	Survivin (+) vs (-)	(b)	Yie et al[149]
					P = 0.026		(d)
I-IV	70	qRT-PCR	Survivin mRNA	OS	P = 0.036	Survivin high vs low	(b)	Bertazza et al[150]
					P < 0.001		(d)
Advanced	51 (2 wk after chemotherapy)	Cell search system	EpCAM	PFS (2 wk after chemotherapy)	P < 0.001	CTC ≥ 4 vs < 4	(b)	Matsusaka et al[56]
			CK8/18/19		P < 0.001		(d)
	48 (4 wk after chemotherapy)			OS (2 wk after chemotherapy)	P < 0.001		(b)
					P < 0.001		(d)
				PFS (4 wk after chemotherapy)	P < 0.001		(b)
					P < 0.001		(d)
				OS (4 wk after chemotherapy)	P < 0.001		(b)
					P = 0.004		(d)
I-IV	123	qRT-PCR	CEA mRNA	Recurrence	P = 0.001	CEA (+) vs (-)	(a)	Qiu et al[152]
				DFS	P = 0.001		(b)
					P = 0.02		(d)
I-IV	30	qRT-PCR	CK18 mRNA	RFS	P < 0.001	CK18 (+) vs (-)	(b)	Saad et al[153]
(after curative surgery)					P = 0.04		(d)
				OS	P = 0.001		(b)
					P = 0.06		(d)
I-IV	95	qRT-PCR	B7-H3 mRNA	OS	P = 0.02	B7-H3 high vs low	(b)	Arigami et al[154]
					P = 0.046		(d)
I-IV	98	RT-PCR ELISA	Survivin mRNA	DFS	P < 0.001	Survivin (+) vs (-)	(b)	Cao et al[155]
					P < 0.001		(d)
I-IV	52	qRT-PCR	miR-200c	OS	P = 0.016	miR-200c high vs low	(b)	Valladares-Ayerbes et al[51]
					P = 0.028		(d)
				RFS	P = 0.044	miR-200c high vs low	(b)
					P = 0.028		(d)

a: χ² test/Fisher’s exact test; b: Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Log-rank test/Breslow-Wilcoxon test; c: Logistic regression model (multivariate); d: Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model. DFS: Disease-free survival; MAH: Membrane-array hybridization; OS: Overall survival; PFS: Progression-free survival; qRT-PCR: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; RFS: Relapse-free survival.