Cystatin C is a biomarker for predicting acute kidney injury in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure

Table 2 Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics in patients with or without acute kidney injury during hospitalization

Parameter	Without AKI (n = 48)	With AKI (n = 8)	P (univariate)	P (multivariate)	OR (95%CI)
Age (yr)	41 ± 9	55 ± 7	< 0.001
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L)	156 ± 158	62 ± 40	0.202
Albumin (g/L)	30.1 ± 5.1	30.2 ± 2.1	0.965
BUN (mmol/L)	4.2 ± 2.0	5.7 ± 1.1	0.065
Sodium (mEq/L)	135.3 ± 4.2	132.1 ± 3.8	0.064
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	19.8 ± 5.6	21.3 ± 4.9	0.506
Cr (mg/dL)	0.9 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2	0.792
International normalized ratio	1.9 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.3	0.367
MELD score	24 ± 3	26 ± 2	0.094
CysC (mg/L)	0.9 ± 0.3	1.8 ± 0.4	< 0.001	0.021	1.8 (1.4–2.3)

AKI: Acute kidney injury; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; CysC: Serum cystatin C; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.