Improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus after gastric cancer surgery: Short-term outcome analysis after gastrectomy

Table 2 Changes in biochemical data after surgery according to the follow up period and operation type

	Operation type	Preoperative	PO 3 mo	PO 6 mo	PO 12 mo	1P pre-12 mo
BMI (kg/m2)	STG BI	24.3 ± 2.9	22.5 ± 2.6	22.3 ± 2.8	21.9 ± 2.7	< 0.001
	STG BII	24.7 ± 3.1	22.6 ± 2.9	22.9 ± 2.1	22.1 ± 1.9	0.002
	TG	25.7 ± 5.2	23.8 ± 5.7	22.5 ± 4.6	22.9 ± 4.4	0.004
	2P	0.793	0.965	0.616	0.780
BMI	STG BI	100%	92.9% ± 5.2%	92.2% ± 5.3%	92.0% ± 7.0%	< 0.001
	STG BII	100%	91.6% ± 6.7%	93.3% ± 6.9%	90.3% ± 11.0%	0.004
	TG	100%	90.9% ± 6.4%	87.8% ± 5.7%	87.1% ± 8.1%	0.003
	2P	1.000	0.661	0.050	0.333
Glucose (mg/dL)	STG BI	147.3 ± 44.1	125.0 ± 30.3	122.3 ± 38.4	114.4 ± 21.7	0.001
	STG BII	155.7 ± 40.0	136.4 ± 56.6	122.5 ± 31.9	126.4 ± 39.1	0.061
	TG	145.9 ± 37.5	114.3 ± 22.2	117.0 ± 28.0	115.4 ± 27.3	0.234
	2P	0.682	0.489	0.931	0.773
HbA1c	STG BI	7.2% ± 1.1%	6.8% ± 0.6%	7.0% ± 0.7%	7.1% ± 0.9%	0.834
	STG BII	7.3% ± 1.3%	6.9% ± 1.4%	7.1% ± 1.3%	7.1% ± 1.6%	0.626
	TG	7.1% ± 0.8%	6.5% ± 0.7%	6.5% ± 0.5%	6.5% ± 0.6%	0.119
	2P	0.981	0.227	0.201	0.201
Insulin (μIU/mL)	STG BI	21.3 ± 20.7	8.6 ± 11.2	8.1 ± 11.3	5.1 ± 4.7	< 0.001
	STG BII	22.5 ± 29.0	9.6 ± 8.8	8.9 ± 3.5	7.7 ± 7.1	0.041
	TG	18.1 ± 10.1	7.5 ± 5.7	4.0 ± 2.1	3.7 ± 1.9	0.02
	2P	0.679	0.652	0.050	0.350
C-peptide (ng/mL)	STG BI	3.4 ± 2.3	2.1 ± 1.6	2.3 ± 1.2	1.5 ± 0.8	< 0.001
	STG BII	3.3 ± 1.8	2.0 ± 1.4	2.4 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 1.5	0.028
	TG	2.8 ± 1.3	2.1 ± 1.2	1.5 ± 1.3	1.6 ± 0.6	0.02
	2P	0.877	0.778	0.597	0.523
HOMA-IR	STG BI	8.7 ± 10.1	2.9 ± 4.7	2.6 ± 7.9	1.3 ± 0.9	0.001
	STG BII	9.3 ± 13.5	3.3 ± 3.4	2.9 ± 2.0	2.5 ± 2.5	0.045
	TG	7.1 ± 4.1	2.1 ± 1.6	0.8 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.6	0.015
	2P	0.660	0.484	0.036	0.176
TG (mg/dL)	STG BI	126.1 ± 80.8	100.1 ± 51.6	115.9 ± 62.6	101.4 ± 41.7	0.341
	STG BII	144.8 ± 102.6	118.5 ± 75.9	124.3 ± 53.7	105.2 ± 44.6	0.114
	TG	143.5 ± 88.9	130.5 ± 71.4	72.3 ± 36.6	96.6 ± 37.3	0.082
	2P	0.831	0.503	0.130	0.937
LDL (mg/dL)	STG BI	96.8 ± 34.7	89.0 ± 27.9	81.3 ± 23.5	90.8 ± 29.2	0.522
	STG BII	97.4 ± 28.7	97.9 ± 33.5	94.4 ± 29.7	101.6 ± 37.5	0.515
	TG	113.6 ± 28.9	99.8 ± 28.0	63.5 ± 32.0	98.5 ± 32.0	0.023
	2P	0.299	0.556	0.192	0.594
HDL (mg/dL)	STG BI	43.9 ± 10.6	48.3 ± 11.4	49.4 ± 15.1	52.0 ± 15.1	0.002
	STG BII	43.2 ± 9.2	42.6 ± 8.2	46.2 ± 10.6	46.5 ± 8.6	0.173
	TG	42.4 ± 10.5	45.0 ± 7.3	48.7 ± 3.2	46.3 ± 8.1	0.073
	2P	0.953	0.161	0.757	0.552

¹Paired t-test, mean ± SD;

²Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the difference by operation type at the same follow up period. Significant values are indicated in bold face. BMI: Body mass index, BMI (%) refers to percentage of BMI at each follow-up compared to preoperative BMI. STG BI: Subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth I anastomosis; STG BII: Subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth II anastomosis; TG: Total gastrectomy; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein.