Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic viral hepatitis B and C infection

Table 1 Risk factors and prediction scores for hepatitis B virus- and hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma

Risk factors	HBV-related HCC	HCV-related HCC
Increased age	√[11-15]	√[16]
Male gender	√[11,12,15]	√[16]
Increased serum HBV DNA levels	√[11,12,14,15]
Presence of cirrhosis	√[12-14]
Increased serum ALT concentration	√[11,15]
HBeAg positivity	√[11,15]
Presence of core promoter mutations	√[12]
Presence of virological remission after 24 mo	√[13]
Presence of hypoalbuminemia	√[13]
Decreased serum albumin	√[14]
Increased serum bilirubin	√[14]
HBV genotype C	√[15]
Presence of HBsAg	√[15]
Family history of HCC	√[15]
Presence of portal hypertension		√[16]
Presence of hepatic inflammation		√[16]
Increased iron storage levels		√[16]
Presence of sustained virological response		√[17]
Presence of complete viral suppression		√[17]

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.