Bile leakage test in liver resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of clinical studies of bile leakage test

Study	Design	Comparison	Material	Sample (trial:control)	Inclusion criteria	Liver disease	Country
Ijichi et al[11], (2000)	RCT	BL Test vs N-BL Test	Saline solution	51:51	Liver resection	Tumor	Japan
Liu et al[13], (2012)	RCT	BL Test vs N-BL Test	Fat emulsion	53:54	Liver resection	Tumor or hepatolithiasis	China
Li et al[12], (2009)	Controlled clinical trial	BL Test vs N-BL Test	Fat emulsion	57:70	Major liver resection	Tumor	Germany
Suehiro et al[24], (2005)	Controlled clinical trial	BL Test vs N-BL Test	ICG	40:40	Liver resection	Liver donor	Japan
Lam et al[2], (2001)	Controlled clinical trial	BL Test vs N-BL Test	Methylene	304:312	Liver resection	Tumor	Hong Kong
			blue
Leelawat et al[26], (2012)	Controlled clinical trial	White Test vs Saline Solution Test	Fat emulsion	30:30	Liver resection	Tumor	Thailand
Sakaguchi et al[27], (2010)	Controlled clinical trial	ICGF Test vs N-ICGF Test	ICG	27:32	Liver resection	Tumor	Japan
Kaibori et al[25], (2011)	RCT	ICGF Test vs N-ICGF Test	ICG	52:50	Liver resection	Tumor	Japan

ICGF: Indocyanine green solution with fluorescent imaging. RCT: Randomized controlled trial; ICG: Indocyanine green; BL: Bile leakage.