Magnetic endoscopic imaging vs standard colonoscopy: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies comparing use of the magnetic endoscopic imaging colonoscope and standard colonoscope

Study	Number ofpatients (n)	Endoscopists' experience level	Colonos-cope type	Cecal intubation rate	Cecal intubation time	Sedation dose	Pain score	Ancillary maneuvers
Shah et al[16]	296 (male 138, female 158)	Trainees, skilled endoscopists	MEI, SC	Total MEI: 100% (150/150) SC: 90.4% (132/146) Trainees: MEI: 100% (58/58) SC: 89% (49/55) P = 0.0115 Skilled endoscopists: MEI: 100% (92/92) SC: 91% (83/91) P = 0.0032	Trainees: Median, min MEI: 11.8 (4.3-31.5) SC: 15.3 (4-67) P = 0.0092 Skilled endoscopists: MEI: 8.0 (2.6-40.8) SC: 9.3 (2.5-52.6) P = 0.0484	Trainees: Mean (SD) Midazolam, mg MEI: 1.2 (0.4) SC: 1.2 (0.4) P = 0.4013 Pethidine, mg MEI: 26 (14.5) SC: 30 (15.5) P = 0.1674 Skilled endoscopists Mean (SD) Midazolam, mg MEI: 1.3 (1.1) SC: 1.6 (1.0) P = 0.0724 pethidine, mg MEI: 30 (23.9) SC: 34 (25.6) P = 0.2036	Trainees: Mean (SD) 0-100 VAS MEI: 28.5 (20.2) SC: 30.1 (24.4) P = 0.553 Skilled endoscopists: MEI: 28.6 (23.1) SC: 24.8 (24.2) P = 0.30	Abdominal hand pressure used: Trainees: MEI: 78 SC: 61 Skilled endoscopists: MEI: 93 SC: 147
Shah et al[17]	122 (male 62, female 60)	Experienced	MEI, SC	MEI: 97% (61/62) SC: 95% (57/60) P = 0.3606	Median, min MEI: 10.6 (7.6-17.03) SC: 13.1 (9.01-26.47) P = 0.0664	Midazolam (mg), median MEI: 0.44 (0-1.48) SC: 0.88 (0-1.47) P = 0.2875 Meperidine (mg), median MEI: 16.75 (0-59) SC: 32.5 (0-59) P = 0.2643	Patient pain score (100 mm VAS) MEI: 19 (9-29) SC: 29 (10-50) P = 0.0662	Not stated
Cheung et al[18]	120 (male, 64 female 56)	Experienced	MEI, SC	MEI: 95% (57/60) SC: 93% (56/60) P = 1.0	Median, min MEI: 5 (2-46) SC: 5 (3-15) P = 0.32	Not stated	Median (range), pain score from patients MEI: 5 (0-10) SC: 4 (0-10) P = 0.13	Abdominal hand pressure MEI: 0 SC: 0 Position change made MEI: 6.7% SC: 0% P = 0.12
Hoff et al[15]	419 (male 202, female 217)	Experienced, inexperienced	MEI, SC	MEI: 90% (190/212) SC: 74% (153/207) P < 0.001 experienced: MEI: 90% (137/152) SC: 78% (115/148) P =0.003 Inexperienced: MEI: 88%(53/60) SC: 64%(38/59) P = 0.002	Mean (95%CI), min MEI: 19.1 (17.2-21.0) SC: 17.6 (15.8-19.5) P = 0.28	Not stated	Severe pain during Examination: experienced MEI: 7.3% (10/137) SC: 16% (21/132) P = 0.03 Inexperienced MEI: 14% (8/56) SC: 15% (7/47) P = 0.93	Not stated
Franciosi et al[19]	40 (male 16, female 24)	Experienced	MEI, SC	MEI: 95% (19/20) SC: 94.4% (17/18) P = ns	Mean (range), min MEI: 16.5 (6-52) SC: 12 (6-33) P = ns	Not stated	Median, 0-10 pointscale MEI: 7 (2-10) SC: 19 (3-10) P = ns	Not stated
Dechêne et al[20]	1000 (male 550, female 450)	Experienced, inexperienced	MEI, SC	MEI: 98.2% (481/490) SC: 98.0% (500/510) P = ns	Mean time, (s) MEI: 507 ± 384 (8.45 ± 6.4) SC: 538 ± 428 (8.97 ± 7.13) P = ns Inexperienced: MEI: 613 ± 435 (225) SC: 660 ± 458 (245) P = ns Experienced: MEI: 415 ± 304 (256) SC: 421 ± 361 (255) P = ns	Not stated	Not stated	Position change made MEI: 1.5% (7/481) SC: 3.0% (15/500) P = ns Manual pressure used MEI: 4.2% (20/481) SC: 6.4% (32/500) P = ns
Holme et al[21]	810 (male 378, female 432)	Experienced, inexperienced	MEI, SC	MEI: 91.9% (385/419) SC: 89.5% (350/391) P = 0.28 Inexperienced: MEI: 77.8% (42/54) SC: 56.0% (28/51) P = 0.022 Experienced: MEI: 94.0% (343/365) SC: 96.0% (321/340) P = 0.87	Mean ± SD MEI: 14.0 ± 12.2 SC: 15.3 ± 14.2 P = 0.67 Experienced: MEI: 11.4 ± 7.2 SC: 12.3 ± 9.4 P = 0.78 Inexperienced: MEI: 31.7 ± 21.3 SC: 35.7 ± 22.1 P = 0.42	Not stated	No pain during examination: MEI: 24% (82/341) SC: 20.8% (66/318) Severe pain during examination: MEI: 0 SC: 0	Need for assistance experienced: MEI: 1.1% (4/365) SC: 1.5% (5/340) P = 0.75 Inexperienced: MEI: 18.5% (10/54) SC: 40% (20/51) P = 0.018
Shergill et al[23]	160 (male 156, female 4)	Experienced	MEI, SC	MEI: 100% (65/65) SC: 97% (73/75) P = 0.19	Mean ± SD MEI: 9.4 ± 5.7 SC: 8.5 ± 5.4 P = 0.31	Not stated	Mean (SD) MEI: 3.06 (1.13) SC: 3.12 (1.22) P = 0.60	Not stated

MEI: Magnetic endoscopic imaging; SC: Standard colonoscopy VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.