Gastrointestinal symptoms and associated factors in Chinese patients with functional dyspepsia

Table 2 Longitudinal associations between functional dyspepsia patients’ baseline characteristics and dyspeptic symptom score at 1-year follow-up

Variable (at baseline)	Longitudinal associations
	Univariate correlates			Multiple linear regression
	r1	F2	P	B	β	t	P	R2Model
Sex3		3.489	0.062	0.161	0.009	0.208	0.835	0.019
Age	0.002		0.959	-0.007	-0.009	-0.224	0.823
BMI	0.007		0.835	-0.024	-0.009	-0.248	0.804
Smoking		1.894	0.169	1.228	0.058	1.368	0.172
Alcohol consumption		0.02	0.887	-0.665	-0.035	-0.876	0.381
Major mental stimulation		1.288	0.257	-0.421	-0.013	-0.365	0.715
History of abuse		5.022	0.0254	-3.774	-0.062	-1.762	0.078
Anxiety		0.106	0.745	0.897	0.030	0.777	0.437
Depression		0.937	0.333	-1.549	-0.044	-1.157	0.248
Sleep disorder		1.831	0.176	-0.683	-0.040	-1.131	0.259
Bowel symptom		0.17	0.680	0.442	0.020	0.580	0.562
H. pylori status		0.461	0.631	-0.269	-0.027	-0.782	0.434
DSS	-0.014		0.667	-0.015	-0.018	-0.502	0.616
Treatments in the previous months before baseline
Consulting a physician		0.753	0.386	0.468	0.027	0.804	0.421
Prokinetic use		0.077	0.782	-0.598	-0.034	-0.933	0.351
Gastric mucosa protectant use		1.407	0.236	0.611	0.034	0.971	0.332
Antacid use		1.381	0.24	0.589	0.034	0.906	0.365
Anti-H. pylori therapy		1.014	0.314	0.431	0.018	0.539	0.590
Traditional Chinese medicine use		0.005	0.945	-0.025	-0.001	-0.042	0.966

¹Pearson’s correlation; ²Non-parametric one-way ANOVA;

³Male = 0, female = 1 reference category: female;

⁴Significant variables (P < 0.05). BMI: Body mass index; H.pylori: Helicobacter pylori; DSS: Dyspeptic symptom score.