High level of preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is a poor survival predictor in gastric cancer

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with disease-free survival

Variable	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value	Hazard ratio (95%CI)	P value
Disease-free survival
Age (< 60 vs≥ 60 yr)	0.737 (0.475-1.143)	0.737	0.620 (0.379-1.015)	0.053
Sex (male vs female )	1.140 (0.720-1.806)	0.575	0.777 (0.454-1.331)	0.359
Lesions (single vs multiple)	1.350 (0.746-2.446)	0.322	0.930 (0.458-1.892)	0.842
T staging (T 0-2 vs T 3, 4)	2.469 (1.442-4.228)	0.001	1.841 (0.961-3.527)	0.066
N staging (N 0, 1 vs N 2, 3)	4.069 (2.445-6.772)	< 0.001	2.993 (1.587-5.646)	0.001
Differentiation (well vs poorly)	1.378 (0.863-2.201)	0.179	1.419 (0.786-2.563)	0.246
Histology (adenocarcinoma vs signet ring cell cancer)	0.979 (0.573-1.674)	0.940	0.599 (0.315-1.142)	0.119
Lymphovascular invasion (negative vs positive )	3.054 (1.514-6.161)	0.002	1.15 (0.495-2.674)	0.745
Peritoneal metastasis (negative vs positive )	0.956 (0.301-3.034)	0.939	0.507 (0.069-3.704)	0.503
Hepatic metastasis (negative vs positive )	0.048 (0.000-29.505)	0.354	0.000 (0.000-1.254)	0.962
CA19-9 (< 37.0 U/mL vs≥ 37.0 U/mL)	1.385 (0.883-2.172)	0.156	1.179 (0.710-1.958)	0.525
Overall survival
Age (< 60 vs≥ 60 yr)	1.047 (0.816-1.342)	0.719	1.218 (0.905-1.639)	0.193
Sex (male vs female )	0.979 (0.755-1.269)	0.874	0.995 (0.732-1.355)	0.977
Lesions (single vs multiple)	1.144 (0.804-1.626)	0.455	1.163 (0.769-1.761)	0.474
T staging (T 0-2 vs T 3, 4)	2.498 (1.846-3.382)	< 0.001	1.437 (0.986-2.094)	0.059
N staging (N 0, 1 vs N 2, 3)	3.577 (2.713-4.715)	< 0.001	2.817 (1.984-4.001)	< 0.001
Differentiation (well vs poorly)	1.595 (1.227-2.073)	< 0.001	1.408 (0.990-2.002)	0.057
Histology (adenocarcinoma vs signet ring cell cancer)	1.171 (0.880-1.560)	0.279	1.000 (0.702-1.424)	0.999
Lymphovascular invasion (negative vs positive )	2.527 (1.739-3.673)	< 0.001	1.004 (0.643-1.569)	0.985
Peritoneal metastasis (negative vs positive )	4.620 (3.098-6.6887)	< 0.001	3.213 (1.792-5.762)	< 0.001
Hepatic metastasis (negative vs positive )	2.294 (1.285-4.097)	0.005	2.114 (0.916-4.880)	0.079
CA19-9 (< 37.0 U/mL vs≥ 37.0 U/mL)	1.395 (1.087-1.791)	0.009	1.414 (1.053-1.898)	0.021

CA: Carbohydrate antigen.