Effects of radix curcumae-derived diterpenoid C on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and nuclear factor kappa B signal pathways

Figure 2 Gastric epithelium cell line cell morphology (× 200). In bland group, gastric epithelium cell line (GES-1) cells were polygon-shaped or spindle-shape with pseudopodia and island-like growth. Cells gradually were adherent. With prolonged incubation time, the number and density of cells were increased with a few floating cells (A). In the GES-1 cells treated with Helicobacter pylori for 12 (B), 24 (C), 48 (D) and 72 (E), cells became round; adherent cells were decreased and floating cells were increased; fragments occurred around cells; cell junction was reduced; the boundaries between cell nucleus and cytoplasm were obscure, and nucleus-cytoplasm fusion was seen. In the GES-1 cells treated with radix curcumae-derived diterpenoid C (5, 10, 20 μg/mL), adherent cells increased and cell morphology gradually recovered at 24 h (F-I, respectively). Amoxicillin had no marked effects on cell morphology.