Diagnostic value of AFP-L3 and PIVKA-II in hepatocellular carcinoma according to total-AFP

Table 1 Demographics and laboratory test values of patients with benign liver disease and with hepatocellular carcinoma n (%)

	BLD (n = 78)	HCC (n = 90)	P value
Age (mean ± SD), yr	55.6 ± 12.5	59.7 ± 10.1	0.020
Male	51 (65.4)	64 (71.1)	0.506
Cause of disease
HBV	34 (43.6)	61 (67.8)	0.002
HCV	9 (11.5)	9 (10.0)	0.749
Alcohol	5 (6.4)	12 (13.3)	0.139
NANBNC	1 (1.3)	8 (8.9)	0.038
Benign mass	10 (12.8)
Others	19 (24.4)
AFP < 20 ng/mL	74 (94.9)	38 (42.2)
AFP 20-200 ng/mL	4 (5.1)	20 (22.2)
AFP > 200 ng/mL	0 (0)	32 (35.6)
Tumor stage
I/II/III/IVa/IVb		16 (17.8)/31 (34.4)/19 (21.1)/18 (20.0)/6 (6.7)
Tumor size
< 2/2-5/> 5 cm		25 (27.8)/33 (36.7)/32 (35.6)
Tumor number
Single/multiple		40 (44.4)/50 (55.6)
AFP level	6.9 ± 13.5	473.9 ± 746.0	< 0.001
(mean ± SD, ng/mL)
AFP-L3 level	2.3 ± 4.9	40.0 ± 35.7	< 0.001
(mean ± SD, %)
PIVKA-II level	20.0 ± 31.2	4469 ± 11 553.8	< 0.001
(mean ± SD, AU/L)

HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NANBNC: Non-hepatitis A, non-hepatitis B, non-hepatitis C virus; AFP: α-fetoprotein; PIVKA-II: Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II; BLD: Benign liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.