Stepwise sedation for elderly patients with mild/moderate COPD during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

doi:10.3748/wjg.v19.i29.4791

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Aug 7, 2013; 19(29): 4791-4798
Published online Aug 7, 2013. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i29.4791

Table 4 Adverse events in the four treatment groups n (%)

Adverse events	Group
Adverse events	Cs (n = 43)	Cc (n = 43)	Ns (n = 41)	Nc (n = 41)
Hypoxemia (SpO₂ < 90% for ≥ 15 s)	4 (9.3)^a	12 (27.9)	3 (7.3)	5 (12.2)
SpO₂ 89%-80%	2 (4.7)	5 (11.2)	2 (4.9)	3 (7.3)
SpO₂ 79%-60%	2 (4.7)	5 (11.2)	1 (2.4)	2 (4.9)
SpO₂ 59%-40%	0 (0.0)	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
SpO₂ < 40%	0 (0.0)	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Average decrease in value of SpO₂	2.3 ± 5.4^a	7.3 ± 12.6	1.7 ± 4.3	2.6 ± 5.8
Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg or DBP < 60 mmHg)	0 (0.0)	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Extent of SBP decrease
≤ 10	28 (65.1)	17 (39.5)	34 (82.9)	28 (68.3)
11-20	15 (34.9)^a	26 (60.5)	7 (17.1)	13 (31.7)
> 20	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Average decrease in value of SBP	10.4 ± 3.3^b	15.1 ± 6.8	10.2 ± 3.3	10.6 ± 4.5
Extent of DBP decrease
≤ 10	40 (93.0)	34 (79.1)	37 (90.2)	38 (92.7)
11-20	3 (7.0)	9 (20.9)	4 (9.8)	3 (7.3)
> 20	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Average decrease in value of DBP	7.9 ± 2.2^b	9.5 ± 1.8	7.6 ± 2.6	8.0 ± 1.7
Tachycardia (> 100 bpm)	3 (7.0)	2 (4.7)	2 (4.9)	1 (2.4)
Bradycardia (< 60 bpm)	3 (7.0)	6 (14.0)	3 (7.3)	4 (9.8)
Decrease of pulse rate	33 (76.7)	36 (83.7)	29 (70.7)	28 (68.3)
Increase of pulse rate	8 (18.6)	6 (14.0)	8 (19.5)	8 (19.5)
No change of pulse rate	2 (4.7)	1 (2.3)	4 (9.8)	5 (12.2)
Average change in value of pulse rate	0.6 ± 2.8^a	2.2 ± 2.8	0.7 ± 2.4	1.4 ± 2.5
Arrhythmias	2 (4.7)	1 (2.3)	1 (2.4)	0 (0.0)
Other adverse events	3 (7.0)	5 (11.6)	2 (4.9)	3 (7.3)
Extrapyramidal reactions	0 (0.0)	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Somnolence	1 (2.3)	2 (4.7)	1 (2.4)	1 (2.4)
Dizziness	2 (4.7)	2 (4.7)	1 (2.4)	2 (4.9)
Overall rate of adverse events	15 (34.9)^b	27 (62.8)	11 (26.8)	13 (31.7)

Group Cs: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with stepwise sedation; Group Cc: COPD with continuous sedation; Group Ns: Non-COPD with stepwise sedation; Group Nc: Non-COPD with continuous sedation; SpO₂: Saturation of peripheral oxygen; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure. Overall rate of adverse events included hypoxemia, hypotension, tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmias and other adverse events.

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01 vs Group Cc.

Citation: Xu CX, Chen X, Jia Y, Xiao DH, Zou HF, Guo Q, Wang F, Wang XY, Shen SR, Tong LL, Cao K, Liu XM. Stepwise sedation for elderly patients with mild/moderate COPD during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19(29): 4791-4798
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v19/i29/4791.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i29.4791