Learning curve of transumbilical suture-suspension single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Table 2 Patient characteristics

Groups	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	F	P
Age (yr)12	47.7 ± 10.8	45.1 ± 13.8	50.4 ± 14.1	50.0 ± 11.7	49.4 ± 13.8	52.7 ± 14.5	52.9 ± 12.0	46.9 ± 14.3	43.7 ± 11.2	1.2082	0.297
Gender (M/F)3	11/9	7/13	9/11	6/14	5/15	11/9	9/11	7/13	13/7	11.343	0.183
Previous history of abdominal surgery3	0	2	1	2	1	2	3	2	4	6.333	0.610
BMI (kg/m2)12	23.11 ± 2.86	23.96 ± 3.49	22.31 ± 2.99	23.83 ± 3.28	23.75 ± 2.28	22.96 ± 2.41	24.26 ± 2.76	22.80 ± 2.16	22.85 ± 2.89	1.0752	0.383

¹Values are mean ± SD;

²One-way ANOVA;

³χ² test. BMI: Body mass index; M/F: Male/female.