Survival outcome of patients with spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma treated surgically or by transarterial embolization

Table 3 Significant predictive factors of post-treatment mortality in spontaneously ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Variables	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis1
	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI	P value
Age, yr	0.99	0.96-1.01	0.18	0.98	0.95-1.01	0.14
Gender (male)	0.88	0.37-2.09	0.77	-	-	-
INR	1.77	1.30-2.41	< 0.01	0.92	0.49-1.70	0.79
Total bilirubin, mg/dL	1.13	1.07-1.19	< 0.01	1.09	1.13-1.15	< 0.01
Albumin, mg/dL	0.73	0.42-1.03	0.07	0.81	0.49-1.32	0.39
Creatinine, mg/dL	1.86	1.33-2.61	< 0.01	1.46	1.01-2.13	0.04
AFP, ng/mL	1.00	1.00-1.01	0.21	-	-	-
Tumor number multiple vs single	2.45	1.09-5.54	0.03	1.14	0.46-2.83	0.78
Tumor size, cm	1.01	0.96-1.05	0.88	-	-	-
Vasopressor requirement	1.96	1.87-3.29	0.01	2.37	1.13-4.96	0.02
Treatment type
Supportive care (control)	-	-	-	-	-	-
TACE/TAE	0.44	0.03-0.64	0.01	0.13	0.03-0.66	0.01
Surgery	0.15	0.24-0.80	< 0.01	0.41	0.21-0.79	< 0.01

Subjects, n = 54; event, patient death after treatment (n = 47).

¹Cox proportional hazards model. CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh classification; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; TACE: Transarterial chemoembolization; TAE: Transarterial embolization; INR: International normalized ratio.