Autoimmune hepatitis in childhood: The role of genetic and immune factors

Table 1 Autoantibodies studies and their findings

Type of AIH	Autoantibodies	Antigen	Meaning
AIH type 1	Anti-actin	Actin	Poor response to treatment with corticosteroids[19-21]
AIH types 1 and 2 (80%-90% of cases)	Anti-asialoglycoprotein receptor	Asialoglycoprotein receptor	Liver specific antigen and indicative of prognosis[22,23]
AIH types 1 and 2 (8%-20% of cases)	Antimitochondrial antibody-M2	Mitochondria	Favorable response to corticosteroids[24,25]
AIH type 1 (39% of cases)	Anti-chromatin	Chromatin	High titers of immunoglobulin G and shows disease activity[26,27]
AIH type 2 (32% of cases)	Anti-liver-cytosol type 1	Enzyme formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase	Diagnostic tool and marker of liver inflamation[28-30]
AIH type 1	Antibody to histone and dsDNA	dsDNA	High titers of immunoglobulin G and poor-immediate response to corticosteroids[26]
AIH type 1 (47.5% of cases)	Anti-soluble liver antigen	t-RNAs	Presence of severe forms, associated with fatal outcome[31-35]
AIH type 2 (5%-19% of cases)	LKM-3	Uridinediphosphateglucuronyltranferase	Allows diagnosis, being sometimes the only marker identified[36]
AIH type 1	Perinuclear antinuclear neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies	Peripheral nuclear and perinuclear antigen	Presence of severe forms;
			Most frequent in primary sclerosing cholagitis and primary biliary cirrhosis[36-38]

AIH: Autoimmune hepatitis; dsDNA: Double-stranded DNA.