Gastrointestinal side effects in children with Wilson's disease treated with zinc sulphate

Table 2 Characteristic of patients with side effects during zinc therapy

No.	Sex	Age of onset of symptoms (yr)	Age of diagnosis (yr)	Mutation analysis		Zinc sulphate therapy-dosagescheme (mg)	Treatment history	Cause of conversion to D-penicillamine	Cause of conversion to zinc acetate	Cause of additional intervention	Endoscopic examination
1	M	7	8	p.V845fs	-	2 × 45	ZS - P - ZA	Abdominal pain	Rash		No
2	F	Asymptomatic, positive family history	15	p.V845fs	-	3 × 45	ZS - P - ZA	Abdominal pain	Abdominal pain		No
3	M	Asymptomatic, positive family history	6	p.Q1351X	-	3 × 45	ZS - P	Abdominal pain			No
4	M	7	16	p.W779X	p.W779R	3 × 45	ZS - P	Abdominal pain, loss of appetite			No
5	F	7	9	p.H1069Q	p.H1069Q	3 × 45	ZS - P	Vomiting			No
6	M	Lack of data	12	p.H1069Q	p.P1273L	3 × 45	ZS + PPI			Abdominal pain, symptoms of GERD	No
7	M	11	12	-	-	3 × 45	ZS - ADS			Abdominal pain	No
8	F	11	11	p.N1270S	-	3 × 45	ZS - P	Nausea			No
9	M	12	13.5	p.G1158fs	p.G1158fs	5 × 45	ZS - P	Nausea, vomiting			No
10	F	13	14	p.H1069Q	p.Q1351X	3 × 45	ZS - ZA		Nausea		No
11	F	Lack of data	12	p.H1069Q	p.T737I	3 × 45	ZS - P	Nausea			No
12	M	8	13	p.H1069Q	p.V772_I774del	3 × 45	P - ZS - ADS			Nausea	No
13	F	7	7	p.H1069Q	p.G1341R	2 × 45	ZS - P	Abdominal pain			No
14	M	7	7	p.A1135fs	-	2 × 45	ZS - ZA - P	Elevated transaminases	Abdominal pain		No
15	F	Asymptomatic, positive family history	5	p.H1069Q	p.H1069Q	2 × 45	ZS + PPI - P	Abdominal pain			Yes
16	F	8	8	p.H1069Q	p.H1069Q	2 × 45	ZS +PPI - P	Abdominal pain			Yes
17	F	14	14	-	-	3 × 45	ZS + PPI			Abdominal pain	Yes
18	F	12	12	-	-	3 × 45	ZS +PPI - P	Abdominal pain			Yes
19	M	Asymptomatic, positive family history	Lack of data	-	-	2 × 45	ZS +PPI - P	Abdominal pain			Yes
20	F	10	10	p.H1069Q	-	3 × 45	ZS + PPI			Abdominal pain	Yes
21	F	9	9	-	-	1 × 45	ZS + PPI			Abdominal pain	Yes

ZS: Zinc sulphate therapy; P: D-penicillamine therapy; ZA: Zinc acetate therapy; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor therapy; ADS: Alternative dosage scheme; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; M: male; F: Female.