Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by immediate radiofrequency ablation for large solitary hepatocellular carcinomas

Figure 3 A male patient aged 53 years with a large lesion in the right lobe of the liver. A residual lesion was found after three cycles of transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation (TACE). TACE combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was performed under the guidance of digital subtraction angiography-computed tomography. A, B: A large hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas was observed in the right lobe (arrow); C, D: A residual lesion around the lipiodol deposit was still visible after three cycles of TACE (arrow); E, F: The lesion was successfully labelled after TACE. A multipolar needle was opened and rotated 70° to the left (E) and right (F) sides to verify whether the RF needle was in the center of the residual lesion (arrow); G, H: The large lesion was well controlled, and no recurrence was observed by magnetic resonance imaging during 13 mo follow-up after combination therapy (arrow).