Cytokine profiles in patients receiving antioxidant therapy within the ANTICIPATE trial

Table 4 Cytokine levels in patients receiving antioxidant therapy compared to placebo

Cytokine	Laboratory range	Antioxidant therapy baseline (pg/mL)	Placebo baseline (pg/mL)	P value	95%CI	Antioxidant therapy at 6 mo (pg/mL)	Placebo at 6 mo (pg/mL)	P value	95%CI
IL-1β1	1.6-250	< 1.6	< 1.6			< 1.6	< 1.6
IL-2	4.8-3000	2.6 (0-4.8)	3.1 (0-3.5)	0.83	-1.1-1.7	2.6 (0.0-4.8)	2.9 (0.0-3.2)	0.97	-2.6-2.3
IL-4	6.6-900	2.3 (2.2-6.6)	2.5 (2.1-6.6)	0.84	-3.7-3.9	2.5 (2.2-6.6)	2.8 (2.1-6.6)	0.81	-1.3-3.7
IL-6	1.2-900	1.9 (0.8-3.5)	1.8 (0.7-8.9)	0.99	-2.6-1.4	1.6 (1.0-2.3)	1.4 (0.9-7.6)	0.78	-3.9-0.7
IL-8	4.9-3000	10.1 (8.1-23.7)	8.5 (7.5-19.8)	0.46	-5.2-8.4	11.6 (8.1-19.3)	10.8 (6.6-18.6)	0.54	-2.7-18.7
IL-102	1.8-1000	< 0.6	< 0.6			< 0.6	< 0.6
TNFα	4.4-1500	3.5 (2.4-5.8)	3.5 (2.2-4.9)	0.71	-1.1-1.6	3.8 (2.4-4.7)	3.4 (2.5-4.5)	0.40	-0.7-1.1
IL-18	0-3000	388.6 (245.7-818.9)	457.9 (317.5-775.7)	0.71	-228-165	365.5 (211.5-879.8)	435.7 (349.1-570.1)	0.40	-238-299
VEGF	14.6-3000	116.2 (49.8-191.2)	243.1 (39.5-305.5)	0.32	-187-51	93.7 (35.1-173.9)	184.4 (34.1-299.9)	0.22	-206-34.7
EGF	2.9-900	28.4 (9.8-137.7)	23.4 (11.9-75.6)	0.99	-30.0-47.6	9.4 (3.1-65.2)	34.4 (2.3-139.8)	0.09	-66.8-5.5
MCP-1	13.2-1500	335.9 (267.1-423)	298.8 (229.5-685.1)	0.81	-134-106	296.5 (235.0-426.7)	326.4 (265.5-468.6)	0.38	-127-49

¹All patients had interleukin (IL)-1β levels below the lower threshold of detection. IL-2: Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.64 (95%CI: -1.5-2.5); IL-4: Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.89 (95%CI: -3.7-3.7); IL-6: Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.25 (95%CI: -0.4-1.7); IL-8: Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.69 (95%CI: -17.8-4.9);

²All patients had interleukin 10 below the lower threshold of detection. Transforming growth factor type β1 (TGFβ1): Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.46 (95%CI: -39-74); tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα): Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.97 (95%CI: -1.0-1.4); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.54 (95%CI: -43.8- 81.0); epidermal growth factor (EGF): Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.05 (95%CI: -0.22-59.8); monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1): Antioxidant group at 6 mo vs antioxidant group at baseline, P = 0.05 (95%CI: -50.1-100.9).