Small-bowel capsule endoscopy: A ten-point contemporary review

Table 10 Experimental and models in development for capsule-endoscopy the future?

Ref.	Project	Status	Active actuation	Magnetic propulsion	Therapeutic capabilities
Johannessen et al[124]	IDEAS: A miniature lab-in-a-pill multi-Sens or microsystem	Prototype	No	Yes	Yes
Karagozler et al[125]	Miniature endoscopy capsule robot using biomimetic micro-patterned adhesives	Prototype	Yes	No	No
Quirini et al[126]	An approach to capsular endoscopy with active motion	Prototype	Yes	No	No
Valdastri et al[127]	Wireless therapeutic endoscopic capsule: in vivo experiment	Prototype	No	Yes	Yes
Glass et al[128]	A legged anchoring mechanism for capsule endoscopes using micro-patterned adhesives	Prototype	Yes	No	No
Valdastri et al[129]	An endoscopic capsule robot: a meso-scale engineering case study	Concept	Yes	No	No
Tortora et al[130]	Propeller-based wireless device for active capsular endoscopy in the gastric district	Prototype	Yes	No	No
Valdastri et al[131]	A magnetic internal mechanism for precise orientation of the camera in wireless endoluminal applications	Prototype	No	Yes	No
Ciuti et al[132]	Robotic magnetic steering and locomotion of capsule endoscope for diagnostic and surgical endoluminal procedures	Prototype	No	Yes	Yes
Bourbakis et al[133]	Design of new-generation robotic capsules for therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy	Concept	Yes	No	Yes
Gao et al[134]	Design and fabrication of a magnetic propulsion system for self-propelled capsule endoscope	Concept	No	Yes	No
Simi et al[135]	Design, fabrication, and testing of a capsule with hybrid locomotion for gastrointestinal tract exploration	Concept	No	Yes	No
Morita et al[136]	A further step beyond wireless capsule endoscopy	Concept	No	Yes	No
Yang et al[137]	Autonomous locomotion of capsule endoscope in gastrointestinal	Concept	Yes	No	No
Filip et al[138]	Electronic stool (e-Stool): A novel self-stabilizing video capsule endoscope for reliable non-invasive colonic imaging	Prototype	Yes	No	No
Yim et al[139]	Design and rolling locomotion of a magnetically actuated soft capsule endoscope	Prototype	Yes	No	No
Kong et al[140]	A robotic biopsy device for capsule endoscopy	Prototype	Yes	No	Yes
Woods et al[141]	Wireless capsule endoscope for targeted drug delivery: Mechanics and design considerations	Prototype	Yes	No	Yes